86 ORTHOGENETIC EVOLUTION IN PIGEONS. 



EXPLANATION OF PLATE 34. 



A. Adult male inca-dove. Scardafella inca. x 1.5. Hayashi del., Jan. 1903. 



All the feathers, except the pale forehead and throat, are tipped with a crescentic blackish bar. This specimen 

 shows the bars on the breast, but weaker in the middle region, where the feathers show the strongest touch of a 

 delicate vinous tinge. The general brown of the upper parts lightens up decidedly along the lower edge of the wing, 

 becoming light grayish brown,' reminding of the light color that marks so many species in this region. The legs and 

 feet are pale flesh-color. The pale vinous of lower parts passes into pale buff on belly, flanks, and lower tail-coverts. 



The mate of this bird has a still paler breast, with the apical crescents still fainter in the central part. The 

 crescents are strongest and broadest on the flanks. 



B. Feather from middle of left side of neck, x 4.25. 



The rows of feathers on the side of the neck in the ring region are very regular, but scarcely any differentiation 

 is to be recognized. 



C. Wing of juvenal inca-dove, 3 weeks old. x 1.5. Hayashi del., July 1900. 



A few feathers among the scapulars and in the anterior wing-coverts have narrow light tips, but for the most 

 part the black bar is terminal, which represents an advance on the geopclias. The tendency to form pale liars in front 

 of the black bar is well shown. The long black spots are reduced here, compared with the geopelias, and this is another 

 advance. Three scapulars are appearing, showing the adult condition. 



D. Scapular from a juvenal Sc. inca. Same bird as fig. C. x 7.5. Hayashi del., July 1900. 



This feather was taken from just in front of the middle of the scapulars. It shows a pale rudimentary tip. Only 

 a few (4 or 5) anterior scapulars, and a few anterior wing-coverts have light tips; the others are black-tipped. The 

 back feathers are light-tipped. 



This species thus ssems to be shortening up its development by reducing or skipping the yellow or pale tip. 

 It is remarkable that in first feathers these tips should be so sparely represented as to be overlooked by Mr. Hayashi 

 in drawing the wing (fig. 3). The black bar, which is almost terminal, is followed within by an irregular light area, 

 analogous to what is seen in the young feathers of other geopelias; it is a reminiscence of a barred condition. Com- 

 pare with this the scapulars and tertials of a young G. humeralis, plate 41 . 



EXPLANATION OF PLATE 35. 



A. Wing of adult male inca-dove, Scardafella inca. Natural size. Hayashi del., 1900. 



(To show pattern in the wing.) 



"Upper parts and wing-coverts, grayish brown, each feather tipped with crescentic bar of blackish" (Salvadori, 



p. 366). 



1 find the scapulars a shnde darker than the coverts. The long coverts are characterized as follows: 

 Nos. 2 to 6 blackish, narrowly edged below with pale brown. 

 No. 7 has a streak of blackish on lower web. 

 No. 8 has a trace of streak of blackish on lower web. 

 No. 9 has no trace of streak of blackish on lower web. 



Nos. 10 and 11 have the streak on both edges. This streak is overlooked by Salvadori. 



The same streak is found on the upper three tertials both sides; also on a few of the upper median coverts. 

 Primaries are cinnamon with blackish-brown tips; all have blackish-brown outer web, but this color retreats towards 

 tip in feathers 1 to 6 and is about the same for Nos. 7 to 10. This seems to be the longitudinal spot or streak. Secon- 

 daries Nos. 1 and 2 are blackish-brown on outer web and tips, with cinnamon inner webs reaching slightly over midrib 

 upon lower web. Nos. 3 and 4 have cinnamon inner web less extended; Nos. 3 to G are blockish-brown, darker on 

 lower web, the cinnamon of the inner web diminishing. Bastard wing blackish. Primary coverts cinnamon broadly 

 tipped with blackish. Under surface of primary coverts cinnamon; brownish tips extended on secondaries 3 to 6. 

 Inner under wing-coverts are black, outer ones tipped with a narrow edge of black. 



B. Adult male ChalcopeKa afra. Natural size. Hayashi del., Mar. 1904. 



This bird is clearly no distant relative of the green-winged pigeon (Chalcophaps) ; both have two blackish bars 

 or stripes across the hinder portion of back, or rump. 



The male drawn, and another compared with it (pi. 42, fig. E), supply the following data: 



(1) The second row of long coverts: The -I upper (inner, counting from above) feathers show very dull, shadowy 

 dusky spots (chequers) on both webs, but strongest on the lower (outer) web. 



(2) The first row long coverts (posterior): The second, third, and fourth have steel-blue chequers on the outer 

 web (none on inner web) ; the fifth has a slightly dusky obsolete spot on outer web (partially concealed) . 



(3) The 3 inner tertials (first, second, and third) have the same chequers on the outer web (largely concealed). 



(4) Some upper tail-coverts (longer ones) are edged with black crescents. Two blackish cross-stripes of the 

 lower part of the back are also made up of black tips, homologous with the black crescents. 



(5) In the smaller and inner coverts, in front of the long coverts, I find no chequers, but just in front of the 

 spots of the second row of long coverts there seem to be traces of spot-imprints. 



(Compare with Peristera cinerea, pi. 35.) 



