2l8 PINE, WHITE. 



five or more, composed of pale brown, polished scales, 

 with fringed membranous margins, the outer scales 

 often agglutinated with exuded turpentine. 



American crude turpentine, dried on the tree, is 

 known as American frankincense. It has a turpentiny 

 odour quite different from true frankincense, which 

 more approaches the lemon in odour. Resin is sold in 

 different grades and degrees of hardness. The hard, 

 dry, black resin is used in powder for wounds by 

 surgeons in the army or navy. If resin containing 

 traces of oil be used, the powder runs together in the 

 tropics and becomes useless. For technical purposes 

 such as for inserting knife handles, &c., resin containing 

 a little turpentine is tougher and not so friable. For 

 making varnish, the varieties known as water- white, or 

 the palest amber, resin is preferred. For medicinal 

 purposes the opaque yellow resin containing a little 

 water is generally used. 



PINE, WHITE. Plnus Strobus, Linn. 



N.O. Pinacea. 

 Part used Bark. 



Action Expectorant, diuretic, demulcent. Owing 

 to its balsamic properties it is used for the relief of 

 coughs, colds, and chest diseases generally. It seems 

 also to exert a favourable influence upon the urinary 

 apparatus. The compound syrup is the popular form 

 of administration, and is made from Wild Cherry, 

 Bloodroot, Balm of Gilead, &c. 



Preparation Fluid extract: Dose, -1 drachm. 



Distinctive character The inner bark, which is 

 the part used, occurs in pieces about A inch thick, 2 or 

 more inches in width and 5 or 6 inches long, of a bright 

 buff colour on the inner surface, smooth and finely 

 striated, having on the outer surface numerous scattered, 

 small, round oil receptacles. Fracture pale buff, tough, 

 with short fibrous layers. Taste, mucilaginous, astrin- 

 gent. Odour, slight. 



