324 GLOSSARY OF TERMS. 



Axillary Proceeding from the axil or angle where the leaf or 

 bract is attached to the stem. 



Balsamic Having a sweet odour like benzoin, usually due to 

 the presence of compounds of benzoic or cinnamic acids. 



Barbed Furnished with sharp points bent backwards as in a 

 fish-hook. 



Berry A soft fruit containing, when ripe, seeds loose in pulp, 

 and usually crowned with calyx at the top, as in the Goose- 

 berry ; when the calyx is not present at the apex of a berry- 

 like fruit, it is called baccate. 



Bifid Having two lobes or divisions about half-way through. 



Bipinnatifid A leaf twice divided in a pinnate or feather-like 

 manner about half-way to the stalk or midrib. 



Bristles A term applied to stiff or rigid hairs. 



Bulbs The bulb is usually more or less globular, composed of 

 fleshy scales (modified leaves crowded on a short stem, as in 

 the Madonna Lily). In some bulbs the outer scales become 

 thin and membranous and enclose the fleshy scales, as in 

 the Onion. In the Garlic all the modified leaves are mem- 

 branous and the leaf-buds developed in their axils are alone 

 fleshy, these fleshy buds being called cloves. 



Biserrate Applied to the margin of a leaf where the margin is 

 serrate, i.e., cut with oblique teeth like a large saw, each 

 tooth being again cut with lesser saw-like teeth. 



Bracts Any leaf under a flower is a bract, whether scaly, 

 coloured, or only a green leaf diminished in size. See 

 Involucre and Phyllaries. 



Calyx The cup or outer row of floral leaves enclosing the rest 

 of the flower, usually consisting of five pieces either free 

 from each other as in the Buttercup, or united into a tube as 

 in the Rose, only the upper portion being free. 



Capsule A fruit dry when ripe and opening at maturity, either 

 by pores as in the Poppy, or by valves as in Stramonium, or 

 transversely as in Henbane. It consists of two or many 

 carpels. 



Carpels Fruits are composed of one or more modified leaves 

 which bear on the margin one or more seeds. Each of these 

 leaves is known as a carpel. In the Buttercup they are 

 distinct, in the Pea and Bean only one is developed. In the 

 Orange many are united. In the Cocoa Nut three are 

 united, but their internal sides are absorbed. 



Catkins A spike of male or female flowers usually without 

 petals or calyx, as in the Willow and Alder. In the Alder 

 the bracts under the female flowers become hard and woody. 



Channelled Applied to leaves having the upper surface con- 

 cave. 



