rOL. I.] PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. 1^ 



conservation or destruction of the textures of bodies : and in particular, how 

 meat and drink may be kept good, in very cold countries, by keeping it under 

 water, without glaciation. As also, how in extreme cold countries, the bodies 

 of dead men and other animals may be preserved many years entire and unpu- 

 trified : And yet, how such bodies, when unfrozen, will ap[)car quite vitiated 

 by the excessive cold. Where it is further inquired into, whether some plants, 

 and other medicinal things, that have specific virtues, will lose them by being 

 thoroughly congealed and (several ways) thawed ? And also, whether frozen and 

 thawed hartshorn will yield the same quantity and strength of salt and saline 

 spirit, as when unfrozen ? Item, Whether the electrical faculty of amber, and 

 the attractive or directive virtue of loadstones, will be either impaired, or any 

 ways altered by intense cold ? This head is concluded by some considerable re- 

 marks touching the operation of cold upon bones, steel, brass, wood, bricks. 



7. What bodies are expanded by being frozen, and how that expansion is 

 evinced : And whether it is caused by the intrusion of air : As also, whether 

 what is contained in icy bubbles is true and elastic air, or not. 



8. What bodies they are, that are contracted by cold; and how that con- 

 traction is evinced. Where it is inquired, whether chymical oils will, by con- 

 gelation be like expressed oils, contracted; or, like aqueous liquors, ex- 

 panded ? 



9. What are the ways of measuring the quantity of the expansion and con- 

 traction of liquors by cold. And how the author's account of this matter agrees 

 with what navigators into cold climates mention from experience, touching 

 pieces of ice as high as the masts of their ships, and yet the depth of these 

 pieces seems not at all answerable to what it may be supposed. 



10. How strong the expansion of freezing water is. Where are enumerated 

 the several sorts of vessels which, being filled with water and exposed to the 

 cold air, do burst ; and where also the weight is expressed, that will be removed 

 by the expansive force of freezing. Whereunto an inquiry is subjoined, whence 

 the prodigious force observed in water, expanded by glaciation, should proceed ? 

 And whether this phenomenon may be solved, either by the Cartesian, or Epi- 

 curean hypothesis ? 



1 1 . What is the sphere of activity of cold, or the space to whose extremities 

 every way the action of a cold body is able to reach : where the difficulty of 

 determining these limits, together with the causes thereof, being with much 

 circumspection mentioned, it is observed, that the sphere of activity of cold is 

 exceeding narrow, not only in comparison of that of heat in fire, but in com- 

 parison of, as it were, the atmosphere of many odorous bodies ; and even in 

 comparison of the sphere of activity of the more vigorous loadstones, insomuch, 



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