64 PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. [aNNO 1666. 



mineral waters, their kinds, qualities, virtues, and how examined. To the 

 waters belong also fishes, their kinds, whether salt or fresh water fish ; their 

 quantity, size, goodness, seasons, haunts, peculiarities of any kind, and the 

 ways of taking them, especially those that are not purely mechanical. 



4. In the earth may be observed, 



1. Itself. 2. Its inhabitants and its productions, both external and internal. 



First, In the earth itself may be observed, its dimensions, situation, east, 

 west, north and south : its figure, its plains and valleys, and their extent ; its 

 hills and mountains, and their height ; and whether they lie scattered or in 

 ridges, and in what directions they run, &c. What promontories, fiery or 

 smoaking hills, &c. What the magnetical declination is in several places, and 

 the variations of that declination in the same place : what the nature of the soil 

 is, whether clay, sandy, &c. or good mould ; and what grains, fruits, and other 

 vegetables, do the most naturally agree with it : also, by what particular arts the 

 inhabitants improve the advantages and remedy the inconveniences of their 

 soil ? 



Secondly, There must be given a careful account of the inhabitants them- 

 selves, particularly their stature, shape, colour, features, strength, agility, 

 beauty, complexions, hair, diet, inclinations, and customs. Of the women, 

 there may be observed their fruitfulness or barrenness, their hard or easy labour, 



&c. W^hat diseasco botK \x^nmpn nnri mpn nrp snbjpr.t to, and nnusual 



symptoms attending them. 



As to the external productions of the earth, the inquiries may be such as 

 these: What grasses, grains, herbs, flowers, fruit-trees, timber-trees, cop- 

 pices, groves, woods, forests, &c. What peculiarities are observable in any 

 of them : What soils they best thrive in. What animals the country has, either 

 wild or tame. 



The internal productions or concealments of the earth, are here understood 

 to be the riches that lie hid under the ground, and are not already referred to 

 other inquiries : what sorts of minerals and quarries the country affords, and 

 the particular conditions both of the quarries and the stones : also, how the 

 beds of stone lie, in reference to north and south, &c. What clays and earths 

 it affords, as tobacco pipe-clay, marls, fullers-earths, earths for potters wares, 

 boluses and other medicated earths : What other minerals it yields, as coals, 

 salt-mines, or salt-springs, alum, vitriol, sulphur, &c. What metals the 

 country yields, and a description of the mines, their number, situation, depth, 

 signs, waters, damps, quantities of ore, goodness of ore, extraneous things, 

 and ways of reducing their ores into metals, &c. 



