TOL. II.] PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. 181 



no vulgar observations. He concludes this chapter by observing, that there 

 is also air in the said membranes ; which, besides other arguments, he proves 

 from the crying of infants in the womb (of which he alleges a memorable and 

 well attested example in a child of an English lady in Cheshire, the child being 

 yet alive and in good health ;) and from chickens often heard to pip in the 

 eggf both before the breaking of the shells, and after the membranes being yet 

 entire ; ascribing the production of this air to the spirituous liquor in the 

 membrane, apt to ferment, and thereby causing store of exhalations. 



The fourth chapter discourses of the umbilical vessels ; and observes first, 

 that they differ in different animals, and hold proportion to the membranes and 

 liquors, so as those that have two liquors have four membranes, and three li- 

 quors have six : the oviparous also being furnished with a duct, passing to the 

 guts, because they want breasts, and their yolk is shut up in the belly. 



The umbilical arteries belonging to the placenta, and commonly said to be 

 derived from the crurals, are by him affirmed to proceed from the end of the 

 aorta. They are here described, and their several portions distributed for the 

 chorion and amnion. Then an account is given of the hepatic vein, corres- 

 ponding to the arteries. It is in viviparous animals inserted into the vena porta, 

 passing again with the remaining blood through the canalis venosus into the 

 cava without percolation made in the liver. In birds it enters not into the liver, 

 but passes over its convexity into the cava. A description also is made of the 

 urachus, found in all viviparous creatures, though by many writers denied to 

 be in man, who notwithstanding has need as well as other such animals some- 

 where to lodge his urine. The oviparous want this umbilical cord, but yet are 

 furnished with fit sanguineous vessels, which here also are explained ; especi- 

 ally the ductus intestinalis, said to be omitted by Dr. Harvey, and to have been 

 known to the author long before Mr. Steno claimed the discovery of it ; for 

 which he appeals to the testimony of Mr. Boyle, and three worthy physicians, 

 Willis, Millington and Lower ; as also to that of two ingenious Frenchmen, 

 Guison and Fiard, to whom our author affirms to have showed. An. 1659, when 

 they were going over into Holland, not only this duct, but also the ductus 

 salivales, and the passages of the nostrils, published afterwards by the said 

 Steno. 



The use of this ductus intestinalis is esteemed to be the conveying of the yolk 

 into the guts for a second coction, there made by the pancreatic juice, ac- 

 kLnowledged to be excellently handled by the learned Sylvius, and his ingenious 

 scholar De GraefF, from the former of whom our author yet dissents about, 

 the mixture of the gall with the said juice in the heart, refuting it by several 

 experiments. 



