324 PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTION*. [anNO l66g. 



bellum, for this end, that they may carry down the juice separated in the very 

 glands, there wanting no sanguineous vessels, by which both sufficient matter 

 may be furnished, and the residue of the percolated juice carried away again. 



Concerning the kidneys, he first relates what has been taught of them hi- 

 therto ; and then delivers both his own observations about them, by a long use 

 of the microscope, and his deductions from them. He affirms, that he has 

 always observed the kidneys to be also a congeries of small glands, by injecting 

 through the emulgent artery a black liquor, mixed with spirit of wine, and by 

 cutting the kidneys longways, and then finding, betwixt the urinous vessels and 

 their interstices, very many of such glands which like little apples are appendant 

 to the sanguineous vessels, turgid with that black liquor. He adds, that, after 

 many trials, he at last found also a connexion betwixt those glands and the 

 vessels of urine. As to the pelvis, he considers that nothing but an expansion 

 of the ureter, as consisting of the same membrane and nervous fibres with the 

 ureter. 



In the treatise on the spleen, having premised, as before in the other parts, 

 what has been hitherto published about it, he subjoins what himself has further 

 obsen^ed thereon : viz. That the whole body of the spleen, however it may 

 seem to be a substance made up of concreted blood, yet is indeed a contexture 

 of membranes, formed and distinguished into little folds and cells ; clearly to be 

 seen by syringing air into it by the ramus splenicus, whereby the whole spleen 

 will become so turgid, as to swell into an excessive bigness ; which, if upon the 

 exsiccation of the thus swelled part, it be presently cut, its whole mass will be 

 found made up of membranes of the shape of the cells in bee-hives ; as he 

 affirms to have clearly seen in the spleen of a sheep and hog, and in that of a 

 man. But then he adds, that through this whole membranous body of the 

 spleen are copiously dispersed clusters of glandules, or, if you will, bladders, 

 very plainly resembling clusters of grapes, appendant on the fibres and the ex- 

 tremities of the arteries and nerves of that body. Coming to discourse of the 

 tise of the spleen, after he has examined the various opinions of anatomists con- 

 cerning it, and declared his dissatisfaction therein, together with the reasons 

 thereof, he does with great modesty as well as ingenuity offer his thoughts 

 about it, viz. That, considering the whole structure of the spleen, it seems to 

 be designed for a new separation and mixture of the juices conveyed into its 

 glands by the arteries and nerves, and then collected in the cells ; whereby, 

 and by its stay there, the blood receives such a further change, and is so much 

 more exalted, that being conveyed by the splenetic branch into the neighbour- 

 ing liver and there refermented, it acquires a disposition for ai> easy separation 

 of the gall there. 



