371 PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. [aNNO IOOQ, 



men, that are divers, and stay long under water. But It may be, that this 

 castor having been kept several years from going into the water, that hole had 

 been closed. 



In the dromedary it was observed that it has but two small hoofs on the end 

 of his feet, the soles of them flat and large, being very fleshy, and covered only 

 with a soft, thick and little callous skin, proper enough to march in the sands 

 of Asia and Africa ; that the six callosities of his legs being opened, their sub - 

 stance was found to be between flesh, grease, and ligament, some having a 

 collection of a thick purulent matter mixed; that that callosity under the breast, 

 strongly fastened to the sternum, was considerably large every way, and much 

 suppurated ; that his inward parts were like those of a horse ; but that in his second 

 ventricle [stomach] there were many square openings, being the entry of about 

 20 cavities, made like sacks, placed between the two membranes that compose 

 the substance of the whole stomach, in which sacks, as in convenient recep- 

 tacles, it is probable that camels do for a long while keep the water they drink 

 in great quantity, when they meet with any, for a supply in dry and desert 

 places;* that the lungs had but one lobe; that the heart was remarkably large, 

 viz. nine inches long and seven broad; that, contrary to other tongues, which 

 are every where rough from within outwards by store of small eminences tend- 

 ing from without inwards, a part of this tongue had them from within out- 

 wards, &c. 



The bear has a very particular structure of his legs, and their substance 

 very good to eat. Its claws differ from those of a lion ; by being more equal 

 and more compact. The teeth diff'er from those of a lion in this only, that 

 they are less. The thorax consists of 14 ribs. There appeared no distinction 

 in his guts, as in other animals ; they were 40 feet long, whereas those of the 

 lion, formerly dissected by the same observers, were but 25. The kidneys had 

 a very peculiar structure, viz. a membrane containing 56 small kidneys, ac- 

 tually separate from one another, each covered with its proper membrane ; 

 here and there connected by very fine flbres ; every one having a large base 

 outwards, and straightening itself inwards ; that base being in some a hexagon, 

 in the most a pentagon, and in others square ; and the whole representing 

 as it were a ripe pine-apple : therefore probably so great, and divided into so 



* Many ruminating animals have four stomachs j camels have the same, in common with them ; 

 but they have moreover an appendix to the paunch [ventriculus, properly so called] which serves as a 

 reservoir for water, and which may be regarded as a fifth stomach, peculiar to themselves. It is 

 provided with cavities in the manner here described, wherein the water can be retained many days, 

 pure and unmixed with the food ; and from which it can be thrown either into the paunch or be 

 brought up again into the oesophagus by the contraction of the muscular coats of this receptacle, 

 whenever these animals chuse. 



