VOL. v.] PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS, 455 



it requires the addition of cold water. This is the noblest bath of any, the 

 antichamber very large, the bath room capacious, and high arched, and 

 adorned with five cupolas : one a very fair one over the great round bath in the 

 middle ; and one lesser over each of the four corners, where are either baths or 

 bath stoves for more private use : in these the Turks take off the hair of their 

 bodies by a psilothrum mixed with soap ; it being not their custom to have any 

 hair, except on their beards, and a lock on the crown of their heads. Twelve 

 pillars support the great cupola, between eight whereof are fountains of the 

 hot water, and between the other are places to sit down, where the barbers 

 and bath men attend. And each of these places has two cisterns of free-stone, 

 into which are let hot bath water, and also cold water, to be mixed and tem- 

 pered as every one likes. 



Men bathe in the morning, and women in the afternoon. When any man 

 intends to bathe, having entered the first rooms, he finds there divers servants 

 attending, and furnishing him with a cloth and apron. Then he puts off his 

 apparel, and having put on the apron, he enters the second room, where the 

 great bath is, and sits on the side of the bath, or between the pillars nigh a 

 fountain ; where the barber strongly rubs him with his hand opened, stretching 

 out his arms, and lifting them up, after which the party bathes. Then, if he 

 be a subject of the Grand Signor, or it be the custom of his countr)% he has his 

 head shaved, and if a young man his beard, except the upper lip. Next, the 

 barber rubs his breast, back, arms, and legs, with a hair-cloth, while he either 

 sits or lies with his face downward ; then washes his head with soap, and after 

 throws cold water upon him all over his body; and so the party walks about in 

 the steam of the bath for a time. 



These baths are made use of two ways, either by entering into the water, or 

 sitting about the bath in the steam. For the vapour of the bath makes the 

 whole room a stove ; and most sweat as long as they stay in it, and some enter 

 not the water at all, but have it poured on them ; or else only continue in tlie 

 steam of the bath, which sufficiently produces sweat. 



So much for the baths. Upon the side of mount Calenberg, towards the 

 north, are stones marked with trees and leaves. In the hermitage of the Camal- 

 dulensis, seated on a peak of thi^ hill, I saw fine specimens, with which they paved 

 the walk in their gardens. This place is two German miles from Vienna. 



Not far from Manners-dorfF is the Emperor's quarry of stone, out of which 

 are made the best buildings in Vienna : In which, wheresoever there is a cleft 

 or separation of one stone from another, the water falling between them leaves 

 a petrification, as it were healing the wound, by making a stony callus. 



