642 PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. [aNNO I67I. 



of an oblong figure; for their internal substance, seminal vessels both praepa- 

 rantia et cleferentia, epididymides, vas pyramidale, corpus varicosum, et ghn- 

 dulge prostatee, exactly like to those of quadrupeds. The seminal vessels per- 

 forate the urethra with many little holes, whereof four are most conspicuous 

 somewhat above the neck of the bladder. 



The diaphragm was muscular, as in quadrupeds. The heart large, included 

 in a pericardium, had its two ventricles; , its valvulac sigmoides semilunares, tri- 

 cuspides et mitrales; its coronary jwteries and veins: in a word, the whole struc- 

 ture and substance of the heart and lungs agreed exactly with that of quadrupeds. 

 The windpipe was very short, as it must needs be, the fish having no neck; the 

 Iar}^nx at top was of a singular figure, running out with a long neck, and a nob 

 at the end like an old fashioned ewer. 



The pipe in the head, through which this kind of fish draw their breath, 

 and spout out water, lies before the brain, and ends outwardly in one common 

 hole, but inwardly it is divided by a bony septum, as it were into two nostrils; 

 but below again it opens into the mouth in one hole. This lower orifice is fur- 

 nished with a strong sphincter, whereby it may be shut and opened at pleasure, 

 and above this sphincter, the sides of the pipe are lined with a glandulous flesh, 

 which if you press, you shall see start out of many little holes or papillae into 

 the cavity of the pipe a certain glutinous liquor. Above the nostrils is a strong 

 valve or membrane like an epiglottis, which serves to stop the pipe that no wa- 

 ter get in there against the fish's will. Within the fistula are six blind holes 

 having no outlet; four tending toward the snout; two above the valve that stops 

 the nostrils; and two beneath it; two tending towards the brain, having a long 

 but narrow cavity for the use of smelling, as I conjecture, though opening the 

 brain I could find neither olfactory nerves nor processus mammillares. The eyes 

 are small, considering the bigness of the fish, and at a good distance from the 

 basis of the brain. The snout is long, and furnished with very large muscles, 

 for rooting or turning up the sand at the bottom of the sea to find fishes, as of 

 that we found nothing was in its stomach but sand eels. The brain and cere- 

 bellum are, for the substance and anfractus of them, the same with those of 

 quadrupeds, only difi'ering in the figure as being shorter; but what they v/ant in 

 length they make up in breadth. They have also the like teguments called dura 

 and pia-mater. Six or seven pair of nerves, besides the optic, the same ven- 

 tricles; only in the medulla oblongata we observed not those protuberances called 

 nates and testes. The skull, (cranium) is not so strong and thick as in quadru- 

 peds, but articulated after the same manner to the first vertebra of the backbone. 

 This largeness of the brain, and correspondence of it to that of man, argue this 

 creature to be of more than ordinary wit and capacity, anS make those an- 



