VOL. VI.] PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. CfJ 



yet employed, turned trumpet-wise, being 5 feet 6 inches long, and of 21 

 inches diameter at the great end, and 2 inches at the less; when by his Ma- 

 jesty's special command it was tried at Deal Castle by the governor thereof, the 

 voice was plainly heard off at Sea, as far as the king's ships usually ride, which 

 is between two and three miles at a time, when the wind blew from the shore. 



Next, he discourses of the nature of sounds and the manner how he con- 

 ceives them to be extended by this organ. Where he observes, 1. That a small 

 tube does not at all magnify sounds. — 2. That it is necessary the diameter of 

 the least end of one of these instruments be equal to, if not greater than, the 

 diameter of the orifice of the speaker's mouth, and that what it wants of that, 

 so much the less does the instrument magnify the voice. — 3. That the instru- 

 ment must be enlarged by degrees, and not too suddenly. — 4. That the mouth- 

 piece of it must be so applied and adapted to the speaker's mouth, that no air 

 or breath be lost, and yet the mouth have free liberty of opening and shutting, 

 that so the articulation be entirely preserved, &c. 



Lastly, he subjoins the uses of this instrument; as, 1. That in a storm, or 

 in a dark night, when two ships dare not come so near one another as to be 

 heard by any ordinary voice, by this tube they may very easily speak together at 

 half a mile or a mile's distance, or more, if need be, especially if alternately they 

 take the advantage of the wind : And if that be so strong, that but one of the 

 ships can speak with the wind, the other may answer by signs, though directly 

 against it. — 2. In a storm it is of good use in a single ship, for hearing one man 

 giving order to all in a ship. — 3. By it an admiral may in a calm give immediate 

 orders to his whole fleet; as also a governor may convey his orders from a sea- 

 fort to ships riding at a pretty distance in the road. — 4. In case of a close siege, 

 by this instrument, at one, two, or three miles distance, the besieged may be 

 told, by speaking in cypher, that there is relief coming, and how great, and 

 when : And, on the other side, the besiegers may thereby threaten and dis- 

 courage the besieged, in a spacious town. — 5. By this means a general may 

 speak himself to his whole army; a herald may make a proclamation to be 

 distinctly heard by many thousands ; an overseer of works give orders to many 

 hundreds of workmen, without changing his station; &c. — The author doubts 

 not but this invention may be much improved. 



for raising water, and the latter on a successful operation for tlie hydrops pectoris. Tlie time of hig 

 birth and deatli are not mentioned. 



Our author was the son also of a Sir Samuel Moreland, a great statesman, and under secretarj' to 

 the minister Thurlow, He was employed by Cromwell in several embassies, and had received the 

 title of baronet for services rendered to Charles the 1st. 



