76 PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. [anNO 1673. 



strate the matter of fact to the eye, must probably do it by giving him some 

 such thing in the food, as shall cause a diabetes, or some distemper equivalent 

 to it. 



Of the guts we shall ob'serve as follows : — 1 . Of the glandulae miliares of the 

 small guts, which may also in some animals be well called fragiformes, from the 

 figure of the one half of a strawberry, and which yet I take to be excretive 

 glandules, because conglomerate. — 2. The use of the intestinum caecum, sub- 

 servient to that of the colon and rectum ; manifest in such animals, where na- 

 ture intends a certain and determinate figure to the excrements. — 3. Of some 

 sorts of vermin, we found in the guts. And first of the lumbrici lati or tape- 

 worms.* Of these, I say, we found in the guts of one dog, perhaps more than 

 a hundred in all. The duodenum was exceedingly stuffed out and extended with 

 them. Which also well agrees with another observation I made in a mouse, 

 where I found the duodenum to be far larger than the stomach itself, by reason 

 of the great numbers of these worms for kind, which w^ere contained in it : for 

 kind, I say ; for these tape-worms were of a quite different shape from those of 

 the dog, or any that I have ever yet seen. To proceed, we found them also in 

 the dog's jejunum and Ileon ; but not any one lower than the valvula coli, nor 

 any higher than the duodenum or within the pylorus. Below the duodenum 

 they lay at certain distances one from another, though sometimes by pairs or 

 more of them twisted together. Near them was constantly to be observed an 

 excrement of their own, distinct, for colour (more grey) and consistence, from 

 the chyle, (the observation being made in a dog plentifully fed for other pur- 

 poses ;) just as we find in worm-eaten tracks of wood, where the cossi leave be- 

 hind them the wood which has passed through their bodies : these worms lay 

 mostly with the small ends upward, as feeding upon and expecting the chyle in 

 its descent. These lumbrici lati were none of them above one foot long, and 

 most of them of an equal length and size. The one end was as broad as my 

 little finger-nail, and pointed like a lancet ; the other end, coming small 

 gradually for the third part of the whole length of the animal, was knotted, or 

 ended in a small button like a pin-head. They were every where and in all parts 

 of them alike milk white, of a flat and thin substance, like fine tape, divided into 

 infinite rings and incisures ; each incisure having sharp angles, on both sides, 

 looking to the broader end standing out beyond each other : from which also I 

 take the small end to be the head ; else the sharp corners of the annuli would 



* The worms here mentioned belong to the Linnaean genus taenia, which comprehends a great 

 number of species. These have been severally described and figured in the writings of Pallas, 

 Block, Goetze and Werner ; and much new light has been thrown upon their structure and economy 

 by a gentleman well skilled in comparative anatomy and physiology, Mr. Carlisle. See Linn. Trans. 

 vol.11. 



