450 PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. [aNNO I678. 



pelvis : for the middle part conjoining both the kidneys lying over the vena cava, 

 by its weight pressing thereon, would hinder the free return of the blood, 

 which yet would make room for itself, by enlarging its own channel, which 

 was so capacious as to contain three or four of my fingers. So likewise the 

 ureters running over that part that conjoins the kidneys, like strings over the 

 bridge of a viol, in some position of the body they might have their passage so 

 straightened, that the urine being impeded and regurgitating, might swell and 

 stretch the membrane of the pelvis to this size. 



In fig. 1. pi. 13, A is the right kidney, B the left; C the middle part con- 

 joining both kidneys; D,E,F, three seams in the coat of the kidneys ; G the 

 aorta; H two arteries from the aorta, which afterwards are ramified into three, 

 and so inserted into the said middle part; I the vena cava; KK two veins arising 

 from the middle part, which, uniting into one, entered the vena cava; LM a 

 vein and artery arising at the seam f. which at la^ are both inserted into the 

 iliac branches of nc aorca and vena cava; NN the emulgent artery of both 

 kidneys, tne ramifications of which are not here represented; OO the emulgent 

 veins; whereof some are single, others variously ramified; PQ pelvis of both 

 kidneys, that of the left being extremely large; RR the two ureters. 



Four Ureters in a Child ; and on the Glandulce Renales, By Dr. Edw. Tyson. 



N° 142, p. 1039. 



Having in the former observation given some remarks of the unusual struc- 

 ture of the kidneys, the emulgent veins and pelvis ; I shall here mention what 

 occurred to me lately on opening the body of an infant, relating to those parts, 

 particularly of the ureters; which here I found double to both kidneys, their 

 origination from the kidneys being at some distance from each other; but after- 

 wards both of the same side were inclosed in a capsula or membrane, even to 

 the bladder, where those of the right side were inserted severally, yet near each 

 other, but on the left they seemed to enter at the same orifice. As far as I have 

 hitherto observed, the glandulae renales in embrios, and infants, are greater, at 

 least proportionably, than in adults. They have a large cavity, which by blowing 

 into them I found emptied themselves into two veins; whereof the right imme- 

 diately passed into the vena cava, the left into the emulgent: besides these, they 

 had other lesser ones from the neighbouring vessels. 



In fig. 2, pi. 13, A is the right kidney, whose surface seemed to be variously 

 divided; B the emulgent vein; C the emulgent artery; DD two ureters belong- 

 ing to this kidney. 



Fig. 3, represents the two ureters of the left kidney, which a little below the 

 kidney are both inclosed in a common capsula or case, and so continued to the 

 bladder. 



