596 PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. [aNNO 1083. 



as Platerus observes, they being forced to throw them away. In bleakes in the 

 sunimer time, if you open those that leap and tumble on the water, from the 

 torment they feel within, you almost constantly meet with this worm, which is 

 a thing well known to the watermen. In oxen often they are observed likewise, 

 not so much in calves; but in dogs very frequently; which Platerus makes to be 

 another sort of the taenia, and calls it ligula. Simon Schultzius mentions a lap 

 dog, that in a short time voided 9 yards of this worm in several pieces. 



I have oftentimes here seen them myself, but shall mention those only I 

 found in dissection ; as I met with the first time two. There was indeed another 

 piece, which I take only as broken off from one of the former, because here 

 both extremes were pretty large, and the joints throughout proportionably long. 

 But in the two others the disproportion was very remarkable ; for besides ob- 

 serving here their heads thick beset with hairs or small spikes, which I shall 

 afterwards describe, I took notice that this extreme if extended, was very 

 slender; and when a little contracted, the joints so very small, that they were 

 scarcely discernible by the naked eye; but where I could better distinguish them, 

 between 30 or 40 made the length of an inch ; but towards the other extreme 

 or tail, in one 4, in the other 6 or 7 joints made that length ; one of these 

 worms was scarcely a foot long; the other not a foot and a half. 



In another dog I since dissected, I found another worm, (fig. 2, pi. I9,) with 

 just the same head, but about 5 feet long ; towards the head in this 60 joints 

 scarcely made an inch, but at the tail about 3 equalled that space; and the joints 

 here were about a quarter of an inch broad ; and in the sides of the joints in 

 this, I plainly perceived those orifices I at present call the mouths. 



5. The head of the Nile does not seem to be more perplexed and obscure to 

 the ancients than that of this worm, which has created as many controversies 

 among anatomists of late, as that has with geographers of old. 



Welschius tells us, that the first that discovered and gave these worms a 

 head, was Tulpius; and since that, Jo. Mich. Fehr. I shall therefore give 

 their observations of it; and then deliver what I have observed myself. Nic. 

 Tulpius, a noted physician, and burgomaster at Amsterdam, in the former 

 editions of his Medical Observations, makes this worm to be biceps; (fig. 3, 

 pi. 1 9,) and to have two heads, placed like the horns of a snail ; not that he 

 observed it so himself, but had the relation of it, and figure, from Henricus a 

 Rugen, a kinsman of Augerius Clusius, who voided it. To this I shall add, 

 what Joh. Rhodius has delivered; which favours this opinion of a double head; 

 where he tells us, that Adrianus Spigelius on dissection of a lap-dog, which 

 died of an epilepsy in the year 1622, found the intestines full of this sort of 

 worms, sed imprimis latus lumbricus iis adhsesit, capite bifido, qui verara 



