442 PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. [aNNO ISQI. 



Caesar had observed: and now lately an accurate survey has proved the distance, 

 between land and land, to be 26 English miles, or 28-i- Roman miles, which 

 shows how near Caesar's estimate was to the truth. 



Another argument, but not of equal force with the former, because of the 

 modernness of the author, who wrote above 250 years after, may be drawn from 

 the words of Dion Cassius, where he says an^xv rn/a TrjoEj^ao-av Trc^ixXixxj-cc; iTiPua-i 

 •!r«f Exojuifl-Sn, " that after his first anchoring, he sailed about a promontory to the 

 place where he landed ; now there are no other promontories on all that coast 

 but the South-Foreland and Dungeness ; the latter of which it could not be, 

 because Caesar says he sailed but 8 miles, and the Ness itself is about 10 miles 

 from the south and nearest end of the Chalk-ClifFs by the town of Hithe ; and 

 to have gone round that point to the other side, the distance must have been 

 much greater. So that the promontory spoken of by Dion must needs be the 

 South-Foreland, and Caesar must anchor near over against Dover, from whence 

 sailing 8 miles, he would double a Head-land, and come to the Downs ; which 

 is such a coast as he describes in one place by apertum ac planum littus, and in 

 his 5th book by molle ac apertum littus. As to Dion's words lU to, rmxyn, 

 what I have already said about it seems sufficient to prove, that he means no 

 more than the water's edge ; and the etymologists derive it from riyyu made- 

 facio, because the wash and breach of the sea always keeps it wet. And this 

 word T« TSKayn is used by Polybius for the sea ouse ; and in another place he 

 speaks of the difficulty of landing at the mouth of a river, J'la rfiv Ttvxyuiv 

 iri^oSov, ob limosum accessum, so that it is not to be doubted that it ought to 

 be rendered in this place, ad vadum maris rather than in paludibus. And so 

 this objection against the assertion that Caesar landed in the Downs, which is 

 known to be a firm champaign country, without fens and morasses, will be re- 

 moved ; and the whole argument will, it is hoped, be admitted by the curious. 



A Receipt for the Curing of Castorium, according to the method used in Russia, 



N" 193, p. 501. 



Take the beaver stones,* and get the milk out of them as clean as you can ; 

 then set upon the fire a skillet or kettle with water, large enough to contain 

 the quantity of stones to be cured ; let the water boil, and put into it half a 

 shovel full of clean wood ashes; then tie the stones together in pairs, and put- 

 ting them into the water, let them boil there for half a quarter of an hour. 



* The term beaver.stones (teites) is exceedingly improper, castor being (as has been already 

 mentioned at p. 244, of thii vol. of the abridgment) a substance distinct from them, secreted and 

 contained in bags or follicles of iti own. 



