518 PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. [aNNO l6g3. 



in geography, that if Antwerp be due east of London, for that reason London 

 cannot be west of Antwerp ; in astronomy, that at Barbadoes, and other places 

 between the line and tropic, the sun, part of the year, comes twice in a morn- 

 ing to some points of the compass ; in hydrostatics, that a hollow cone, stand- 

 ing upon its basis, being filled with water, the water shall press the bottom with 

 three times the weight, as it would do if the same water was frozen to ice ; and 

 figures might be contrived to make it press a hundred times as much. * These 

 speculations as they are generally pleasant, so they may also be of good use to 

 warn us of the mistakes we are liable to, by careless and superficial reasoning. 



1 shall add one instance in arithmetic, which perhaps may seem as great a 

 paradox as any of the former. There are two lotteries, at either of which, a 

 gamester paying a shilling for a lot or throw ; the first lottery, on a just com- 

 putation of the odds, has 3 to 1 of the gamester, the second lottery but 2 to 

 1 ; nevertheless the gamester has the very same disadvantage, and no more, in 

 playing at the first lottery as the second. 



It looks very like a contradiction, that the disadvantage should be no greater 

 in playing against 3 to 1 than 2 to I ; but it may be thus resolved. 

 T .. »u Ost) Lottery con- CS) Blanks f 3> Prizes C 1 6 pence > 

 ^'^^^iadj- sistof i4}- and t2; of 1 2 shillings r'P'^'^^- 

 In the first lottery the gamester hazards a shilling to win a groat, and the 

 chances being equal, it is evident there is 3 to one against him. In the second 

 lottery, the gamester ventures a shilling against a shilling, and the lots being 4 

 to 2, his disadvantage is 2 to 1. And a lot at either of them being truly worth 

 just 8 pence, viz. the 6th part of 3 times l6 pence, or twice 2 shillings, the 

 disadvantage must be the very same in both cases, that is, the gamester pays a 

 shilling for a lot that is worth only 8 pence. 



An Account of Boohs, viz. — /. Horti Indict Malabarici, Pars Quarta, Quinta, 

 et Sexta. With some Remarks upon them by T. R. M. D. S. R. S. N° J 98, 

 p. 682. 



The first three volumes of this work having been noticed in the Philos, 

 Trans. N° 155,* I shall continue the account of the rest. 



This 4th tome contains 61 trees, shrubs and arborescent herbs, together 

 with their figures and descriptions; particularly of their flowers, fruits, seeds, 

 and their; vessels, omitted by the ancients. 



J Among the many rare vegetables, we have here a complete history of that 

 pruniferous tree, called mango by the English, mao or mau by the Indians, 



* P. 590, vol. 2, of these Abridgment*. 



