VOL. XIX.] PHILOSOPHICAL TKANSACTIONS. 67 



Stones, which Dr. Merret first declared to be the round jaw teeth of the lupus 

 marinus, or wolf fish of Schonfeld. See Mr. Ray's Travels, p. 321. These 

 bufonitae are properly called by Mr. Lhwyd, Ichthyodontes Scutellati. Philosoph. 

 Transact. iSl° 200. 



Fig. 8, the petrified teeth of dog-fishes and sharks, called glossopetrae, lying 

 in several postures and situations in their beds of earth. These, with all the 

 foregoing, may be reduced to Mr. Lhwyd's Classis of Ichthyodontes. — Fig. Q, 

 a sea urchin, with long prickles, hystrix spinis longissimis imperati. The 

 fishermen of Sicily often brought it alive to the author. The spines break off, 

 and are easily disjointed. Of the echinites the author has drawn above 18 

 species. — Fig. 10, a sea urchin found petrified (echinites) in white stone, on 

 the rocks and hills near Messina, with some stony spines or prickles lying by 

 it : the teats or pivots, on which they have been inserted, lie naked and broken 

 off. See Mr. Ray's three Pliysico Theological Discourses, Tab. 3, p. l62, l63. 



Fig. 11, a mass of petrified sea urchins, one entire, another bruised, with 

 the stony prickles broken off, and lying by in the same bed ; there may be as 

 many species of this sort of figured stones, or petrified spines, as there are of 

 the echini marini themselves ; some short, thick, roundish, and cannulated (as 

 the lapis judaicus), others long, slender, tuberculated, and ragged, as St. Paul's 

 batoons in Malta, all belonging to the several Echinitae and Ombriae. See the 

 Riccio Marino in Pietra, Imperati Istor. Natural. Venet. edit. 1672, p. 586, 

 and his Chapter delle Pietre Giudaiche, p. 575, 57^^. These may come within 

 the class of the Spondylites. 



Fig. 12, 13, pertrified vertebrae, with their articulations and insertions, and 

 the ribs; see fig. 13. These may be reduced to Mr. Lhwyd's tribe of Ich- 

 thyospondyli ; for stones resembling vertebree, and other bones of fishes. See 

 Mr, Ray's Travels, in the Preface, and p. 1 16, 294. The Entrochi and Asterite 

 come under this division. Fig. 14, petrified dentalia and cochlites, found lying 

 in the same bed, in the rocky mountains of Calabria. 



N. B. Dr. Robert Hook published some observations on this subject in his 

 Micrographia, p. lOQ, 110, 111, 1 12 ; and afterwards discoursed of it at large 

 in several of his public lectures in Gresham College, before Steno, Scilla, and 

 Boccone, communicated their curious observations to the world. See Philosoph. 

 Transact. N°32, 72. See also M. Denis's Memoirs and Conferences, printed 

 with theJournaux des Sqavans, An. 1672, Mem. I. Also the Italian Giornale 

 de Literati Ephem. 5 of the same year. See Dr. Hook's Lecture on Springs, 

 p. 48, 49, 50. But above all, justice is to be done to that noble natural philo- 

 sopher, Fabius Columna, who has two admirable discourses on the several 

 parts of aquatic and terrestrial animals, as also of plants, which he himself 



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