VOL. XXI.] PHILOSOVHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SSQ 



" Just at the root of the transverse process of the first vertebra of the neck, 

 says he, arises on each side a muscle, 4 lines broad, which running obliquely 

 inward, is implanted to a small superficial oval sinus, seated on the forepart of 

 the processus styloides;" and this he calls rengorgeur oblique, or the oblique 

 bridler of the head. 



This pair of muscles I have described in my Myotomia Reformat.-i, p. \lQ, 

 where I have called them the recti interni minores, because they incline to a 

 right position, lying under the recti majores, and are antagonists to the recti 

 minores on the back part. They may be called from their use annuantes, be- 

 cause they nod the head directly forward. 



" On the transverse process, says he, of the first vertebra of the neck, there 

 arises a thick fleshy muscle, of about a finger in breadth, which is inserted after 

 a perpendicular ascent below the processus styloides, between it and the mam- 

 millary process ; this he calls rengorgeur droit, or the straight bridler of the 

 head." 



Both this and the former pair of muscles I discovered in a human body 13 

 years since ; and about that time showed them to Dr. Brown, in the presence 

 of Capt. Wine : but in examining the original writers on the muscles, I soon 

 found this latter pair were partly mentioned by Oribasius after Galen, and de- 

 scribed by Fallopius. These are described and figured in the above-mentioned 

 tract, p. 127, fig. 3, k. The 3d pair of muscles mentioned by M. Dupre, by 

 him called rengorgeur posterieur, seems no ways to differ from those commonly 

 treated by authors, called obliqui superiores. 



The 4th pair he mentions seem to be parts of the recti minores: " These, 

 he says, are auxiliaries to the greater and lesser oblique muscles;" which I can- 

 not but think a mistake, since those muscles are employed in different motions 

 of the head, on the first and second vertebrae ; and therefore one pair of muscles 

 cannot be the assistant of both. He observes, that this 3d and 4th |)air of 

 muscles are not found in all subjects ; I guess he means distinct from the recti 

 minores. 



" The last pair of muscles, mentioned by our author, arises from the middle 

 of the transverse processes of the second vertebra, and are small, short muscles, 

 inserted lo the roots beneath the transverse processes of the first vertebra. 

 These from their use he calls the flexors of the first vertebra on the second." 



Having lately an opportunity of examining these parts in a boy ; though 

 much emaciated, I could discover fleshy fibres that resembled sush muscles, and 

 that not only between the transverse processes of the first and second vertebras, 

 but the two next also ; and I am apt to think the next to them in like manner ; 

 but my time would not give me leave to prosecute the inquiry. However I can 

 hardly persuade myself that those muscles can bend the first vertebra on the 



VOL. IV. 3 B 



