370 PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. [aNNO IQQQ. 



2d ; the difficulty of vvliich motion in these vertebrae, will be very manifest to 

 any that will be pleased to examine their manner of articulation : since it ap- 

 pears that the 2 flat processes of those vertebrae are applied to each other in a 

 horizontal manner, and are tlierefure only fitted for turning to either side, by 

 means of the axis or tooth -like process of the second vertebra. These muscles 

 I am inclined to think are auxiliaries to the obliqui inferiores, but, being very 

 small, are only employed in shaking the head; either of them acting may draw 

 the transverse process of the first vertebra to a perpendicular with the second ; 

 as when we express sorrow by shaking the head. The muscles placed between 

 the transverse processes of the other vertebras of the neck are employed in 

 drawing the superior vertebrae laterally. 



" The first of the two ligaments mentioned by M. Dupre, is placed, he says, 

 between the first and second vertebrae, in their middle and foreparts ;" which in 

 no respect seems to differ from that described by Galen, Vesalius, and almost 

 all writers on the subject; the like being found between the foreparts of the 

 rest of the vertebrae. 



" The second ligament, he says, is an inch long, and of the thickness of a 

 goose-quill, and is fastened above to the middle of the elongation of the occi- 

 pital bone, and the upper, middle, and anterior part of the first vertebra: he 

 adds, it is observable, when this ligament is wanting, the aponeurosis, which 

 fastens the occipital bone to the vertebra, is stronger and thicker in that part." 

 In this likewise I see no such disagreement from the description given by most 

 writers of the ligaments of this part, as deserves the title of a new discovery ; 

 it being very obvious, that the middle of the forepart of that ligament is much 

 thicker than any other part of it. 



The first figure of M. Dupre represents the lower part of the occipital bone, 

 with the three upper vertebrae of the neck, viewed on the foreside, fig. 1, pi. 8. 

 A. The mammillary process ; 2, the elongation of the occipital bone ; 3, the 

 hole in tlie occipital bone through which the spinal marrow descends : 4, the 

 first vertebra of the neck ; .6, the second ; 6, the third ; 7, the muscle which 

 he calls rengorgeur posterieur, or the posterior muscle which bridles the 

 head: 8. the muscle called rengorgeur droit, by Dupre, or the straight 

 muscle which bridles the head : this I have called rectus lateralis, from its posi- 

 tion ; and it is described by Fallopius ; Q, the muscle he calls rengorgeur 

 oblique, or the oblique bridling muscle : this I have called annuans, and rectus 

 internus minor ; 10, the muscle which he calls the flexor of the first vertebra 

 on the secoiyd ; 11, a ligament, whose upper part is fastened to the middle of 

 the elongation of the occipital bone, and its other extremity to the upper part 

 of the first vertebra; 1'2, the other short ligament, which is commonly ob- 

 served between the foreparts of all the rest of the vertebrae. 



