VOL. XXII.] PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. 523 



Others are filled with crystalline fluors ; others I have seen half full of the 

 bluish clay of the bed, and half full of the said crystallizations, which pro- 

 ceeded from nothing but subterraneous heat and effluvia. 



Among the fish in this quarry, I have seen several large horse-muscles, such 

 as breed in fresh water rivers and ponds, which are exactly like the concha longa 

 Rondeletii, but are thicker and fuller than they commonly are; which largeness 

 proceeds from the fertility and fatness of the bed where they breed ; and in an 

 old pond beyond Broughton Hall, there are some of the largest sort of this 

 shell-fish that ever I saw; as if this soil agreed better to the breeding of this sort 

 of fish than any other. 



As some thrive in a rich clayey soil, so other sorts of shell-fish love a stony gra- 

 velly soil, others a chalky soil, others a rocky soil, others a lime-stone, or salt soil ; 

 others again love an ouzey soil, a sort of a confused mixture of all the foregoing, 

 as part of the country about Frodingham, Brumbee, Ashbee, Botswortli, Sic. In 

 the fields and stones of which towns is one particular sort of fish, which I 

 know not what genus or species to compare to, bending somewhat like a ram's 

 horn, and exactly creased on the outside like one, with an operculum or lid on it, 

 which the fish opened and shut as it had occasion. The bed whereon the said 

 shell-fish bred in the antediluvian sea, is not above a foot thick, in which, but 

 for the most part in the superficies, are millions of the said fish sticking half 

 in the stone and half out, which having a most durable shell, that part which 

 sticks out of the stone is not consumed, as in the shell-fish of Broughton, but 

 remains whole and entire. Yet I have seen whole lumps of them, that by some 

 great weight fallen upon them at the deluge, have been shattered in pieces, and 

 so petrified in the bed as they lay. 



In the parish of Broughton also, in the loose earth above the blue quarry, 

 and elsewhere, I have found, in a whitish stone, the echini galeati puncticulati 

 Lluydii, the turbinites major Lluydii, the coclites laevis vulgatior LIuydii, in 

 blue stone, the concha altera longa Rondeletii, exactly agreeing to the draught 

 and size of it in Gesner de Piscibus. I have found also multitudes of belein- 

 nites, great and small, perforated and flat at the root, by which they grew in 

 the antediluvian sea, to some of which were found sticking little shell-fish. 



From all this it sufficiently appears, that there was a time when the water 

 overflowed all our earth, which could be none but the Noachian deluge. 



And hence it happens that we find shells and shell-fish, and the bones of 

 other fishes and quadrupeds, and fruits, &c. petrified and lodged in stone, 

 rocks, mountains, quarries, and pits, over the whole earth ; ft-r it was then 

 the proper place for them to breed in, and upon, and to be found in at this 

 time. And as all countries were thus raised out of the bottom of tiie antedi 



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