VOL. XXIV.] PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. " 87 



Bartholomew's church in Wurtzburg, bought this book the same year, 1481, 

 paying 18 florins for the parchment, printing, rubrication, ilkimination, and 

 binding. By another it appears, that he gave it to his church for ever. And 

 by some others it appears that it remained there during the times of his several 

 successors, till the last age^ when, as I suppose, the Swedes, under Gustavus 

 Adolphus, plundered the church, and carried the book away. 



END OF VOLUME TWENTY-THIRD OP THE ORIGINAL. 



Concerning Worms observed in Sheep's Livers and Pasture Grounds. By 

 M. Lemvenhoeck. N° 289, P- 1522. FoL XXI P\ 



In the summer of 1702, we had not rain enough to cover even the lowest 

 parts of the meadows adjacent to our city ; so that none of the sheep of that 

 year drank of the waters that used to stagnate on those meadows, which when 

 it happens, according to the opinion of our butchers, produces a certain sort of 

 worms, called bottiens, in their livers. Notwithstanding which, I was informed 

 that some of the sheep of those pastures had their livers infected with those 

 worms : this made me conjecture that the above-mentioned distemper, in the 

 livers of the sheep, must proceed from some other cause, than their drinking 

 the said waters. 



Therefore I caused a butcher, who was owner of one of these meadows, and 

 who had also informed me that the sheep which he turned into that ground 

 were greatly pestered with worms in their livers, to cut me two pieces of green- 

 sod from thence, to the end that I might try whether I could find any such 

 worms in them. This land he told me was so high, that it was never wholly 

 under water in winter time; but the ditches about it were so full, that they 

 were in a manner level with the land ; and some of the lowermost parts of the 

 same when it rained much, were for a short time covered. 



I narrowly sifted those two pieces of the earth; but could find no animalcula 

 in them, that any way resembled the worms in the sheep's livers. From hence 

 I infer, that the animalcula that are found, not only in sheep's, but in cows' 

 livers also, must not be sought for in those waters that stagnate on the land ; 

 but that we must seek them in the land itself; which being thoroughly wet or 

 soaked, they ascend to its superficies, because the common water not being 

 natural to them, they cannot live in it ; and thus lurking in the grass, they are 

 swallowed by the cows and sheep, and such as escape their teeth are conveyed 

 into their stomachs and bowels, and insinuate themselves even into the liver. 



