VOL. XXVII.] PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. 5^9 



did not know what to make of. He then proceeds: The venae praeparantes 

 were large : he divided that which was inserted into the emulgent lengthwise; 

 and within a little more than an inch of its insertion he found many valves, to 

 the number of about 8 or 10, of divers shapes, all fitted to prevent the return 

 of the blood into the variously divided spermatic vein, which here from 8 or 10 

 rivulets became one great channel. Within about an inch of this, and some- 

 what more than 1 from the kidneys, he found a substance of the shape of a 

 pear, but near three times the size of a very large one. He was at a loss to 

 know what this might be, and confesses he can give but an imperfect account 

 of it, since the butchers cut it out, and so its continuation with the testes, 

 penis, and other parts, could not be discovered. What he observed in it was, 

 that the spermatic vessels entered but a little way into this substance ; but below 

 the middle of it he found them more deeply placed, and their branches grew so 

 small, and less numerous to the sight, as if here the veins began. The inner 

 part of this substance looked of a palish, but somewhat muddy red colour. It 

 was very spongy, not much more compact than the lungs of young animals. 

 He doubts not but this substance was designed to prepare the semen; but 

 by what vessels it was brought to the penis or any other repository, (itself 

 containing none) he could not discover ; neither could he find any peculiar 

 vessel, or ductus, or any thing that resembled that beforementioned substance, 

 by which he might be directed in his enquiry. It lies lengthwise from the 

 kidney to the testes, with the larger end lowest. He is of opinion, from what 

 he has heard from Dr. Needham of these parts, that these two pear-shaped 

 substances, were testes; their place, size, figure, and occasional cutting the 

 vasa deferentia, being the occasion of his former ignorance in this point. 



He could observe no vesiculae seminales, nor any common receptacle for the 

 semen, except the formerly mehtioned rhomboid cells in the penis itself; but 

 doubted not there might be some still, though his being intent upon other 

 things made him neglect the discovery of them. Thus he confesses his mistake 

 of the testes twice, and he leaves them in doubt the third time. 



Both the vena cava and portae were very large, and had their exit and entrance 

 in the concave part of the liver. This had only one lobe; but both veins 

 dispersed themselves, first into two large branches, and then were subdivided 

 there, as in the ordinary manner. I opened several, and found them differ in 

 nothing from other animals; the substance being firm, as is usual, and glands 

 large and conspicuous; the external surface smooth, and its proper tunicle 

 firmly adhering to the glands: it was 36 inches in length, and 22 at the 

 broadest part. 



The bile, by Dr. Moulins' account, was deposited at the end of the first gut, 



VOL. V. 4 D 



