57^2 PHILOSOPHICAL TKANSACTIONS. [aNNO 17 10. 



2. The denies maxillares are of such a thickness, both in the upper and lower 

 jaw, but especially the latter, that they serve to render the mouth narrow ; nor 

 need it be broader, because the strength of the grinders is such, that they can 

 at once render the aliments so small, that there is no need for the tongue to 

 move them to and fro in the mouth, in order to have them further masticated, 

 as in other animals ; therefore is the tongue small, short and round, terminating 

 in a point, thick, and not thin and flat as in oxen, with a soft smooth surface, 

 without any perspicuous papillas ; by which it seems not to chew the cud. 



The head showed very little remarkable: the brain itself very little differs 

 from that of a human one, except in size, and somewhat in figure ; the other 

 being somewhat oval, and this more round. The dura mater was a strong thick 

 membrane, every where disengaged from the pia mater; which, together with 

 all the substance of the brain, was much more tender, soft, and flaccid, than 

 could have been expected. At the opening of the longitudinal sinus, there 

 were also polypuses, which proceeded from the orifices by which the blood 

 empties itself into the sinus. 



As to the osteology, and first of the bones of the head, this being composed, 

 of the bones of the upper and lower jaw, on its upper part it is almost round, 

 having two eminences with a depression in the middle before ; which depression, 

 as it runs back, becomes a deep sinus ; and these eminences drawing nearer to 

 one another, and as they ascend behind, inclining obliquely forward, are not 

 unfitly compared by Mr. Ray to a man's buttocks : about its middle part it is 

 almost quadrangular, being flat before, till it comes to the root of the trunk, 

 where it is depressed, for the more convenient lodging of the proboscis, till it 

 has past over the mouth. At each side it is much contracted for the moving 

 of the muscles of the lower jaw ; at its back part it becomes very narrow, with 

 several eminences, sinuses and holes; of all which in order. At its lower and 

 fore part, the bone of the palate is narrow, where the proboscis hangs over : 

 on each side of which are the alveoli for the tusks; and behind, the lower 

 makes up all the rest of the head, as to its external view. 



The OS maxillae is a very irregular bone. At the fore part of the skull it 

 begins with a sharp point, having that part of the os frontis which forms 

 part of the orbit, on the one side, and that part of the os palati, which 

 forms the hole for the root of the trunk on the other; whence running 

 6 inches, and inclining inward by a crooked suture, it terminates in a protu- 

 berance; beneath which is a small sinus ascending obliquely to the hole for the 

 root of the trunk, framed by the blood vessels (whereof above) as they go 

 to the nourishment of the trunk ; from thence it runs obliquely backward, and 

 is articulated with the os palati by a broad squamous suture. From the middle 



