VOL. XXVII.] PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. 5^3 



scapula, a large protuberance on the outside defending it from dislocation, and 

 a sinus between the two, reaching a good way back, thence descending to its neck, 

 whence the bone becomes flat, to about the middle, descending on the outside, 

 flat also, with two rugosities for the insertion of the tendons. Between this 

 outside and back part, is a very large sinus for the biceps, which oblique situa- 

 tion is an admirable contrivance for adding strength, and conciliating length to 

 this muscle. Now the shape of the bone begins to be changed, for whereas it 

 formerly reached from before to behind, now it reaches from the right to the 

 left, and its lower extremity becomes broader, whereas at its upper extremity it 

 was rounder. 



The cubitus and radius are two bones of a singular figure, the one lying 

 above the other. The cubitus is in length, from the top of the olecranon to its 

 articulation with the bones of the carpus, 28 inches. The olecranon from 

 right to left, with a surface somewhat convex, is 94- inches ; and from before, 

 where it is articulated with the humerus, to its utmost point behind, in a 

 straight line 7 inches. This olecranon, as it descends, becomes narrower by 

 degrees, till it forms a spine, which runs obliquely forward 13 inches, where it 

 is contracted from the foresaid g-^ inches to 3 in breadth. Afterwards the bone 

 is enlarged on each side, till it forms a convex surface, which is received by, and 

 articulated with the humerus. This articulation is a ginglymus, as in all other 

 animals; viz. the cubitus and radius together receive the humerus on the outside 

 before, which on the inside the cubitus does alone. Between these two is a 

 large protuberance rising 2-l inches, which is also received by the humerus. 

 Measuring from the extremity of the cubitus and radius, which receive the 

 humerus, on the outside, to its opposite part on the inside, including the back 

 part of the olecranon, it is 10 inches. Both the bones from the right to the 

 left, at the articulation before, are 7 inches. Then measuring round the cubitus, 

 below the articulation, is 164- inches. Here the bone is flat before, from the 

 right to the left 7 inches; from thence obliquely backward to the forementioned 

 spine beneath the olecranon is 5 inches on the outside, and 6^- on the inside. 

 At the lower part of the foresaid spine the cubitus is in circumference 11 inches; 

 viz. flat before 4 inches, where it forms an angle ; thence running obliquely 

 backward 2 inches, forming another angle; thence I4- inch obliquely backward, 

 where it is a little protuberant; and from thence obliquely inward 3-i- inches. 

 Round the lower extremity of the cubitus, and 3 inches above the epiphysis, it 

 is 12 inches; viz. from the radius 24 inches; thence obliquely outward, with 

 another flat surface, 34- inches ; and from thence, with a convex surface, round 

 the back part 6 inches. The cubitus at the epiphysis, from the radius on the 

 fore part, to its opposite side on the back part, is 1 3 inches ; from the upper 



