668 PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTiONS. [ANNO l/l'i. 



ing to the adjacent parts so firmly, that we could not separate them without 

 difficulty, and get it out whole. Our surprise at such a prodigious appearance 

 turned into astonishment, when we found it the gall bladder, and that by its 

 distension it had torn the liver asunder, one part of which adhered to the left 

 side of this monstrous cystis, and another part behind it, towards the back; 

 and both expanded with it and fastened to it, like the temporal muscle to the 

 skull. The whole weighed 10 lb. J2oz. It had no passage to let out the 

 matter it contained, though we squeezed it hard to try, nor could we find any 

 by probes ; so that we were obliged to make way by a knife, and so let out of 

 it 7 pints of a black liquor, like coffee; which having stood one night in a basin, 

 near a quart of thick yellow faeces subsided. The liquor in this bladder, and 

 what we found in the patient's belly after her death, added to what was eva- 

 cuated before by paracentesis, amounts to 235 pints. 



Besides the prodigious quantity of matter which filled this great bag, we 

 found several pieces of membranes like gut, or bladder, cut into pieces; what 

 it was, or how it came there, I cannot conjecture. It was very wonderful, that 

 during the whole time of her sickness, she discharged by urine near as much as 

 she drank; and yet by computation, she leaked into the abdomen near a pint 

 every 24 hours, from March to November. When her belly was nearly full, her 

 thighs and legs used to swell, and grew discoloured, like an approaching gan- 

 grene, but both went off after tapping, by the help of friction and a warm 

 lotion. 



Description of the Head of a monstrous Calf. By the Rev. John Craig, Vicar 

 of Gillingham in Dorsetshire, F. R, S. N° 333, p. 42g. 



A butcher brought me the head of a calf, which he had taken out of a cow's 

 belly. The upper jaw was divided into two halves, as far as to the dura mater; 

 each half had a distinct eye and nostril ; and the under jaw was bent round so 

 entirely, that it lay exactly between the two halves of the upper jaw, making 

 the tongue lie upon the forehead, about 2 inches above the teeth of the under 

 jaw, and in the fissure of the upper jaw. This preternatural division of the 

 upper jaw was not covered with hair, but with a cutis of a florid colour. The 

 calf was come to its full time, and made great strugglings when the butcher 

 knocked the cow on the head, which by some symptoms they judged would 

 have died in the calving. It was so large a calf, that an old experienced butcher 

 says, that he never saw more than one so large at calving. The legs and feet 

 were as large as an ordinary calf of 6 weeks old. 



On cutting open the skin of the head, for there was no cranium, I was sur- 



