18 * FHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. [aNNO 1713. 



emperors, and fewest of all under the kings, 2. That under the consuls, their 

 number was greater in civil than in foreign wars. 3. That their number is less 

 certain under the consuls, than under the kings or emperors. 4. That the 

 stated number of legions, according to Lipsius, was about thirty. 5. That 

 none ever had a greater number of legions than Octavius Caesar, as none ever 

 had a more flourishing army, according to Lipsius in Analect. ad Milit. Roman, 

 than Trajan. 6. And lastly, that a true judgment cannot be formed of the 

 strength of their armies, from one and the same number of legions. 



Here the two following rules may be laid down, which will be of considerable 

 use for understanding the Roman history, especially their military affairs; the 

 first, that where the number of soldiers in an army is expressed, without that 

 of the legions, which is commonly Appian's way, in order to reduce the army 

 into legions, we must observe in what age it was, and what was the usual num- 

 ber of men in a legion of that age: for that number dividing the number of 

 men in the whole army, the quotient will be the number of legions in it; e. g. 

 Lucullus's army against Mithridates was, according to Appian de Bellis Mith- 

 ridat. 30000 foot and iGOO horse, i. e. supposing 6200 in each legion, which 

 was the number of men, including auxiliaries, in a legion of that age, five 

 legions; according to Tacitus Annal. lib. 4, an army of 70000 men was cut to 

 pieces by Boadicea, i. e. supposing that each legion, according to the custom of 

 that age, consisted of 1 2000 men, about six legions. 



Rule 2d, given the number of men in a legion of any age, together with the 

 number of legions in an army of the same age, you will hence have the number 

 of men in that army. And hence it appears that Romulus's army, consisting 

 at first but of one legion, did not exceed 3000, or according to Plutarch 3300 

 men ; afterwards, on the admission of the Sabines into Rome, and the addition 

 of another legion on this increase of the city, 6000, or 6600; nor indeed a 

 greater number, though, as was said above from Dionysius, after Romulus's 

 death, there were 45000 soldiers in Rome; in the war against the Volsci, ^Equi 

 and Sabines, there being 10 legions, and in each legion 4000 men, the whole 

 must necessarily amount to 40000. Under the Roman emperors, when there 

 were almost 30 legions, the whole number, when complete, amounted to, 

 multiplying 6500 by 30, IQSOOO, or 200000 men, more or less; and adding 

 the allies, of whom there was an equal number, to 400000. 



The Husbandry of Canary Seed. By the Rev. Mr. Edward Tenison. 



N''337, art. 8, p. Ql- 



To prepare land for this seed, let it be broken up some time in April, and 

 ploughed again about Midsummer, and again in August, that by frequent til- 

 lage the weeds may be burnt up and destroyed. Plough the last time about the 



