266 PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. [aNNO J / J 6. 



one jaw to the other, under the throat, serving as a bandage to keep in the 

 cartilages, and the root and os hyoides of the tongue, as I may call it, from 

 starting out at that part where are the articulations of the cartilages with the 

 bones, when by the muscles, inserted into the sheath at or near p, and thence 

 passing to the end of the tongue, it is drawn into the mouth; qq one of the 

 last mentioned muscles, which is round, of the size in the figure, and fastened 

 to the breast of the bird, cut off at r ; s the aspera arteria consisting of perfect 

 rings; tt a muscle accompanying the aspera arteria. 



In fig. 2, AA represent the under part of the lower bill ; fib the tongue; 

 b the place where the two cartilages and two bones, represented by ff in fig. 4, 

 are brought into and inclosed in one tube or membranous sheath; cc two glands 

 displaced in this figure ; cc two muscles attending these glands, and fastened 

 near the end of the bill ; dd the two bony cartilages, bent, and passing on 

 each side of the neck, but united at b; eee,eee, the pair of muscles, one at- 

 tending each cartilage from its end at the upper beak, and firmly adhering 

 to the vagina, in which it slips, till about (f; ff the place where these muscles 

 leave the vagina, and pass on to the inside of the bill, where they are inserted. 

 Their action is to thrust the tongue forward, or out of the mouth; gg a pair 

 of muscles fastened a little below the larynx, to the musculous part of the 

 aspera arteria, at i ; their other end going up to the place b at the root of the 

 tongue, whence they go on encompassed by the vagina to the articulation of 

 the cartilages with the two bones. I take their action to be to draw the end of 

 the tongue towards the larynx ; kk two muscles fastened at one end within the 

 thorax, under the merry-thought or clavicula; and at the other ends to the 

 articulation of the cartilages with the two bones of the tongue, marked ff in 

 fig. 4. These have the fore-mentioned nerves accompanying them. I take 

 these to be chiefly concerned in drawing in the tongue ; and each of these 

 sends a branch to the gristle at the top of the aspera arteria at n ; 1111 two 

 muscles running along and fastened to the sides of the aspera arteria, from the 

 thorax to the place where they are united, where each sends a branch ; which 

 binding over the bojies and cartilages goes on to the fauces, where they are 

 inserted; m part of the gula ; n a cartilage at the top of the aspera arteria; 

 GO the aspera arteria ; p the neck bending like an s. The wind-pipe and gula 

 in this bird pass always on the right side of the neck. 



In fig. 3, AA represent the two long flat muscles, represented by ii in the 

 first figure. These join close together at the top of the head, and so pass on 

 to the end of the cartilages; to the end of which, as I take it, they are fas- 

 tened: from whence a slender weak kind of ligament reaches to, and is inserted 

 at, the right nose-hole, at the root of the upper beak. This ligament is re- 



