VOL. XXXVI.] I'HILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. 357- 



ficial, consisting either in circular rings or little knots, which do not go quite 

 found ; the other penetrating into its substance, being deep. Incisures or 

 fissures reaching all the way to the nerve. What lengths these roots are of, 

 when taken out of the ground, cannot be determined: the Doctor has met with 

 some pieces above 9 inches, many above 6, but the greatest number are still 

 shorter. We find them bent, wreathed, and contorted into all manner of 

 figures ; and indeed few pieces are quite straight for any considerable length. 



What has been hitherto said, agrees to all the true ipecacuanha-roots ; but 

 several other things are still to be taken notice of, in which they differ. 



The black is the smallest of the four sorts, very hard, and the fissures wide 

 and numerous. The outer colour of the cortex is not equally black in all the 

 pieces of this kind, and its inner substance, as well as the nerve, is mostly 

 white, though not always in the same degree. The brown sort is larger than 

 the black, the fissures at larger distances, the inner substance of the cortex 

 darker, and the external colour has several degrees of redness in the several 

 pieces. The third or grey sort is sometimes found of a darker, sometimes of a 

 lighter colour, and the inner substance of the cortex is brown, streaked 

 with white. It is much larger than the black sort, many pieces being above a 

 quarter of an inch in diameter, but the nerve is smaller in proportion to the 

 cortical part. The fissures are here still fewer than in the brown sort, and in 

 some pieces scarcely any are to be met with. The superficial corrugations are 

 various in different roots, some being almost wholly smooth, and in others the 

 wrinkles rather longitudinal than circular. The white kind is of very different 

 sizes, some pieces being larger than any of the grey sort, and the rest much 

 less. The whitish colour of the cortex is mixed with a yellowish cast, and the 

 nervous part is very large in proportion to the rest. Very few fissures are to be 

 observed, and hardly any reach so deep as the nerve. The other corrugations 

 are likewise very shallow, and most of them longitudinal ; but it seems to be 

 more knotty than the other kinds, and these knots seem to be owing chiefly to 

 the fibrillae which go out from the larger branches of the roots. 



The true places of growth of these different species of ipecacuanha, have 

 not as yet been fully settled. The black sort is hitherto known to come only 

 from Brasil, whence we get it by the way of Lisbon, and some of our druggists 

 for that reason distingush it by the name of the Brasil root. The brown sort is 

 said to grow plentifully at some distance from the city of Cartagena in the king- 

 dom of New Granada ; from whence it is frequently sent in saroons or skins, 

 containing 100 weight, to Jamaica, and so to England ; where it is certain we 

 have had it of late years in great abundance. 



The grey ipecacuanha is with us preferred to all the rest, and by far the most 



