664 PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. [aNN0 1734. 



often contrarily moved, and by ihe frequent opening and shutting of the valves, 

 there is also a great waste of the water, besides the many heavy bearings, fric- 

 tions, surges, and repairs belonging to it ; all which inconveniencies and im- 

 pediments being thoroughly considered, there must certainly be required a 

 much greater power to work the same, than by this new method. For here a 

 stroke of '24 feet will rise, and by enlarging or diminishing the fixed wallovver, 

 a stroke of any height is obtained, even to the extent of the atmosphere's 

 pressure. By this great advantage, the water rises freer, and with greater ve- 

 locity; and as the lifters or forcers rise and fall exactly perpendicular, and with 

 an equal continued strain ; and as the bearings also are fewer and lighter, con- 

 sequently the friction in all these will be a great deal less than with the crank, 

 &c. And lastly, ^ of that water which is always lost by the slow opening and 

 shutting of the valves will be saved. 



From the above considerations, and by the many experiments he has made 

 on this occasion, in order to know the real difference between these different 

 ways of working, Mr. C. finds, that near twice the quantity of water will be 

 raised to the same height, in the same time, with the same power, by his 

 method, more than with the best crank-work that has ever been yet erected. 



In fig. 1, pi. 17, aaaa represent the great frame, the ends of which under 

 the pine-apples are to be contracted to the place of the little frame ; so that 

 the cross piece at in may support the 3 bearings, now shown in the little one, 

 for a better view only ; bb the little frame on which are the cap-brasses, which 

 receive the turned gudgeons t in the 3 horizontal shafts; cc the strong sup- 

 porters by the loose wallowers ; dd the loose wallowers, whose turned rounds 

 geer truly witli the cogs in the great wheel ; eee the regulator, fig. 2, which 

 has a circular, direct and retrograde motion ; ff the strong shoulder or stud 

 fixed to the shaft close by the wallower, which stops this loose wallower, when 

 the end of the regulator comes against it, confining it for 2 revolutions ; after 

 which it quits this stud, and does the same on the opposite side of the wheel; 

 and so on alternately, to reverse the motion of the stems in the different cylinders; 

 gg the wheels, with their cogs, which alternately work the fixed wallower lying 

 between them ; h the fixed wallower, supposed to be 4 feet in diameter, on a 

 very short shaft, whose rounds must be of cast soft iron, and truly turned, to 

 elevate and depress the racks to the height of 24 feet by its 2 revolutions; 

 iiii are the 4 lifters or forcers, behind each of which must be a small leverage 

 back wheel, truly fitted to direct the same to rise and fall easily and exactly 

 perpendicular, to avoid friction and loss of water in the cylinders; kk the large 

 vertical wheel, a small segment of wiiich comes through the floor in tlie dome 

 for the 4 horses to stand antl draw on; Im, fig. 3, the arms and tlie main 



