VOL. XXXVIII.] PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. 665 



sluift of the same; the arms lie horizontal, and the oval part is perpendicular; 

 n the turned t gudgeon, with its collar and shoulder, both of which must 

 clasp the rim of the under leverage wheel, to keep all firm and steady when in 

 working; o the leverage wheel, about 4 feet in diameter, with a brass or iron 

 rim supposed to be truly turned, and to have a strong short iron spindle tlirough 

 its centre, and at each end a turned steel collar and shoulder, bearing on 2 cast 

 cap-brasses exactly level, and sunk into a strong arched piece of timber well 

 braced and supported for this purpose. And here it is to be noted, that in large 

 engines and machines, where the motion is regular, every heavy bearing should 

 have one of these wheels: for, they save power by greatly abating friction. 

 On the principle of these leverage-wheels, Captain Kowe has published what 

 he calls his friction-wheels, though subsequent to Mr. Churchman's specifica- 

 tion ; pp two small side leverage wheels, exactly fitted to the turned part of 

 the great gudgeon, between the collar and shoulder; they are to be placed 

 and keyed in such manner, ti)at their friction from the gudgeon may be alike 

 when at work; qq the steps which the horses feet press, about 8 or 9 inches 

 broad, 2 inches thick behind, and declining to an edge, being designed to make 

 level ground, and good footing for their hinder legs when they draw; rr 4 

 horses only in view to avoid confusion, all drawing horizontally in a straight 

 line, and at right angles, by which these useful animals will soon be taught a 

 new and pleasant way of working to themselves, a more advantageous one 

 to their masters, and of greater utility to the public; s the fastening places 

 behind the horses, supposed to be strong arms below in the supporter, and a 

 cross bar above, at both which may be placed small sheeves or rollers, the upper 

 part of them to be level with each horse's breast when drawing, and the rope or 

 strap to come over the same, in order to keep a weight of 300lb. more or less, 

 suspended, an inch or two from a plank. By this method, we may be exactly 

 informed of the strength of each horse, how long it continues, and when to 

 relieve him ; as also when justly to correct the slothful one, whose weight rest- 

 ing on the plank will always discover his laziness; t the fastening places before, 

 which are designed to direct their heads; u the dome, merely for ornament, 

 instead of which, erect a workloft, over that a horizontal windmill: on the 

 lower end of its upright shaft fix a spur wheel, to work with the cogs of the 

 great wheel, to assist the horses, or when there is a sufficient force of wind to 

 do their whole duty : w the coupling staples with the brasses ; x the strong 

 catch which confines the great wheel to the frame; y the screw or key-band, 

 to confine all close and tight; z the cylinders which are screwed together at 

 their ends out of sight ; and all the same sort of work chiefly for uniformity 

 in the draught. 



VOL. vii. 4 Q 



