THE BOOTH AND BATES STRAINS. 



33 



It is now almost universally agreed that domestic cattle are descended from two or three species 

 of the gemis Bos, which existed in late geologic or prehistoric times, the remains being found in 

 Switzerland, Ireland, and other parts of Europe. The Zebu, Yak, Gayal, and Ami, to be referred to 

 immediately, have also been domesticated. 



Cattle have been so distributed and mixed in breeding that any precise arrangement of the breeds 

 according to their ancestral affinities can scarcely be tabulated. Most important of the heavy breeds 

 are the well-known Shorthorns of the north of England, so carefully and successfully developed by 

 Charles and Robert Colling between 1780 and 1818, at Ketton and Barmpton, close to Darlington, 

 in Durham, by a process of in-and-in breeding " Hubback," the " Duchess," " Lady Maynard," 



HUNGARIAN BULL. 



"Young Strawberry," " Foljambe," and "Comet," the last bull of which, at Charles Colling's sale in 

 1810, fetched a thousand guineas. 



Following close upon the Collings came the Booths Richard, Thomas, and J. Booth between 

 1814 and 1864, at Studley, Killerby, and Warlaby, where " Isabella," the twin sisters "Necklace" and 

 ""Bracelet," were parents of goodly herds, " Commander-in-Chief " being one of the latest gems. On 

 one occasion, it is stated, Mr. Richard Booth, of Warlaby, refused the unique offer of fifteen hundred 

 guineas for a cow named " Queen of the May." 



In 1810 Thomas Bates, of Ridley Hall, and afterwards of Kirkleavington, then a well-known 

 breeder of cattle, purchased at Charles Colling's sale " Young Duchess," daughter of " Comet," a 

 granddaughter of " Duchess " by " Daisy" bull, and she became the founder of the famous " Duchess" 

 tribe. In 1831, with the accession of the bull " Belvidere," a descendant of Robert Colling's 

 " Princess " tribe, the " Duchess " breed produced " Short Tail " and the renowned " Duke of North- 

 umberland." The "Matchem" cow, purchased at the same date, did much to improve the stock. 

 Mr. Bates died in 1849. 



Several enterprising American breeders have, since 1817, introduced Shorthorns into the United 



