NATURAL HISTORY. 



The Arctic Puffin .217 



The Crested Grebe 220 



The Giant Penguin . . . ' . . .221 



The Ostrich 229 



The American Ostrich, or Rhea . To face page 232 



The Cassowary 233 



The Emu 234 



The Kiwi To face page 236 



Bones of Tail of Bengal Vulture and of Archaeop- 



teryx 237 



Archaeopteiyx lithographica ..... 237 



The Soft-shelled Trionyx 241 



Skeleton of Tortoise, from below, showing Inside 



View of Carapace and Plastron . . . 243 

 'Skeleton and Carapace of the Logger-headed 



Turtle, from below 244 



Skeleton of Tortoise, from one side . . . 245 

 Scapular Apparatus of Tortoise .... 246 



Head of Turtle 246 



Skull of Tortoise 247 



Section of Lungs of Tortoise, showing Cellular 



Arrangement . 248 



The Great Land Tortoises . . To face page 249 

 Brain of a Chelonian . . . . . .249 



The Common or Green Tortoise . . . .251 



Clemmys insculpta ...... 254 



Catching Green Turtles 257 



The Hawk's-bill Turtle 260 



Growth of Tooth of Crocodile . . . .263 

 Crocodiles of the Nile . . . To face page 264 



Crocodilus acutus 265 



The Ganges Gavial 267 



The Mississippi or Pike-headed Alligator . . 268 



The Sand Lizard 273 



Skeleton of the Common Lizard . . . .274 



Skull of Lizard 274 



Pleurodont Jaw (Iguana), from within . . . 275 



Skull of Crocodile 275 



Skull of Rattlesnake 275 



The Common Teguexin 276 



The Common Ameiva 277 



The Nile Monitor 278 



The Iguana ........ 279 



The Basilisk 281 



Amblyrhynchus cristatus 282 



Flying Lizard . 283 



The Frilled Lizard 285 



The Dabb, or Dhobb 286 



The Moloch 287 



Toes of Gecko 287 



The Turkish Hemidactyle . . . . .288 



The Flying Gecko 289 



Skull of Sphenodon, or Hatteria, showing Acrodont 



Jaw 290 



Head of Chamaeleon, showing the Tongue . .291 



The Chamaeleon 292 



Sleeping Chamseleon under Lamp-light, with Dorsal 



Part protected by a Screen .... 293 

 Chamaeleon under Sun-light, passing through Red and 



Blue Glass, Light passing through Red Glass 



falling on Fore Part of Body, and that passing 



through the Blue on the Hind Part . . .293 

 Amphisbaena alba ... . 294 



The Common Skink 

 The Stump-tailed Lizard 

 The Blind Worm . 

 The Scheltopusik . 

 Skeleton of Snake . 

 Scales on Head of Snake 



FACE 



. 295 

 . 296 

 . 297 

 . 299 

 . 303 

 . 303 



The Egyptian Cobra, or Naja 305 



The Hamadryad Snake 308 



Bungarus fasciatus 309 



The Coral Elaps . . . . . .310 



Vipers 312 



The Adder, or Common Viper . . . .313 



The Cerastes Viper 314 



The Puff Adder 315 



The Common Rattlesnake 317 



The Horrid Rattlesnake 318 



The Copper-head Snake 320 



The Yellow Viper, or Fer-de-Lance . . . 321 

 Head of Rattlesnake, showing Fangs and Muscles of 



Poison Glands 322 



Oxybelis fulgidus 325 



Dipsas dendrophila ...... 326 



The Common or Ringed Snake .... 328 



Top of Head, Under Part of Body and Sub-Caudals, 



of Common Snake ...... 329 



Coronella laevis 330 



The Indian Adjigar 332 



The Boa Constrictor . . . To face page 333 



The Diamond Snake 333 



Tortrix scytale 335 



Side View of Head of Blind Snake . . .336 



The Viscera of a Serpent 337 



Skeleton of Ichthyosaurus 339 



Skeleton of Plesiosaurus ..... 340 



Heart of Frog 343 



Brain of Frog 344 



Skeleton of a Frog 346 



Head of Frog, showing Tongue Fixed in Front but 



Free Behind 347 



Structure of the Tadpole ..... 348 



Metamorphoses of Frog ...... 349 



The Surinam Toad 350 



The Common Frog 352 



The Edible Frog 354 



Cystignathus ornatus 355 



The Horned Ceratophrys 356 



The Male Obstetric Frog 357 



The Fire-bellied Frog 358 



The Brown Mud-Frog 359 



Common Toad ; Variable Toad ; Natter- Jack 



Toad 361 



The Elegant Hyla 363 



The Pouched Frog 364 



The Goose-footed Hyla ...... 365 



Rhacophorus Rheinhardti 367 



Phyllomedusa bicolor ...... 368 



Great Water Newts . . . To face page 370 



The Spotted Salamander 372 



Pleurodeles Waltlii 372 



The Axolotl in the Earlier and in the Later Stages 



of its Existence 374 



Menobranchus lateralis ...... 377 



Siphonops annulata . . . .378 



