THE INDIAN AND AFRICAN TOADS. 



361 



The Indian Toads are not very remarkable, but it is interesting to notice that varieties of the 

 Common European Toad are found in different parts of China and the islands of Chusan. and of Japan. 

 The species, Dr. Giinther states, extends from Western Europe through the temperate parts of Central 

 Asia to China and Japan. The Natter-Jack, or Bufo calamita, which is found in many parts of 



(1) COMMON TOAD. 



(2) VARIABLE TOAD. 



(3) XATTER-JACK TOAD. 



Europe, occurs in Tibet, and the Common Indian Toad (Bnfo melonosticlus) has an immense range. It is 

 one of the commonest Batrachians, and inhabits every part of the Continent of India from the Peninsula 

 of Southern India to China and the Philippine Islands. In the Himalayas it extends to an altitude of 

 9,000 feet, and Cantor says it utters a chirping plaintive sound. 



Amongst the African Toads, Bnfo carens may be mentioned. It has a shoi't head and a truncate 

 nose, and a huge tympanum. The colours are red, green, and black. They are common in the interior 

 districts of South Africa, in situations abounding in brushwood under decayed leaves. Two Toads 



