iv NATURAL HISTORY. 



CHAPTER V. 



ORDEH ACANTHOPTERYGII (concluded). PAGT 



THE TRACHINID.E Uranoscopus Star-gazers The Greater Weever, or Sea Cat The Lesser Weever THE MALACAN- 

 THID.E THE BATRACHID.E THE PEDICULATI THE SEA DEVIL, OR ANGLER Its Voracity The Genus Malthe 

 COTTINA THE MILLER'S THUMB, OR RIVER BULLHEAD THE SEA SCORPION, OR FATHER LASHER The 

 Gurnards THE CATAPHRACTI THE COMEPHORID.E THE DISCOBOLI The Lump-sucker, or Lump-fish The Sea- 

 Snail THE GOBIID.E THE OXUDERCID.E THE CEPOLID.E THE TRICHONOTID/E THE HETEROLEPIDINA THE 

 BLENNIID.E The Wolf-fish, or Cat-fish The Butterfly Blenny The Shanny The Viviparous Blenny THE 



ACANTHOCLINID.E THE MASTACEMBELIDjE THE SPHYRjENID.fi THE ATHERINIDjE The Sand Smelt THE 



MTOILID.E The Grey Mullet THE GASTEROSTEID.E STICKLEBACKS The Three-spined Stickleback Its 

 Pugnacity The Nest The Ten-spined Stickleback The Nest The Fifteen-spined Stickleback, or Sea Adder 

 The Nest THE FISTULARID^:, OR PIPE-FISHES THE CENTRISCID.E The Trumpet-fish, or Bellows-fish THE 

 GOBIESOCIU.E THE PSYCHROLUTID.E THE OPHIOCEPHALID. The Walking-fish THE LABYRINTHICI Supra- 

 branchial Organ The Climbing Perch THE LuciocEPHALiD.E THE APHREDODERID.E THE LOPHOTID.E THE 

 TRACK YPTERID.E THE NOTACANTHI . 92 



CHAPTER VI. 



THE ORDER FHY8OSTOMI. 



ORDER PHYSOSTOMI-SILURID.E Characters The Various Sub-Families The Silurus Glanis-The Malapterurus 

 electricus Its Electric Organ The Genus Loricaria Curious Feature connected with the Genus Aspredo - 

 CHARACINID* HAPLOCHITONID^; STERNOPTYCHID.E Pearl-spotted Fishes SCOPELUXE Bombay Duck STO- 

 MIATID^ SALMONID.E Characters THE SALMON Description Climbing the Rivers The "Leaps" Changed 

 Appearance after Spawning Hatching The Fry Growth-Stages of the Young The Journey to the Sea The 

 Salmon at Sea Various Modes of Fishing Largest Catches Distribution THE GREY TROUT THE SALMON 

 TROUT THE COMMON TROUT THE GREAT LAKE TROUT Other Species of Trout THE CHARR Various Species 

 THE SMELT THE CAPELAN The Genus Coregonus THE POLLAN THE GRAYLING PERCOPSID.E GALAXID.E 

 MORMYRID.E GYMNARCHID.E EsqciDjE THE PIKE Its Size and Age Its Voracity Pike Migrations The 

 Lucie Family Characters of the Fish UMBRID.E SCOMBRESOCID<E The Genus Belone The Garfish The Genus 

 Scombresox The Saury, or Skipper The Genus Hemirhamphus The Flying Fish The Genus Exoccetus 

 Characters Height and Duration of Flight C YPRINODONTID.E Singular Eye Character of Anableps HETEROPYGII 

 CYPRINID.E Distinctive Features The Carp Habits Carp Culture -Its Diet The Crucian Carp THE GOLD 

 FISH Kept as a Pet Variation in Colour Characters The Barbel The Gudgeon The Roach The Chub 

 The Dace The Ide The Red-eye, or Rudd The Minnow The Red-fin The Spawn-eater The Tench The 

 Rhodeus amarus The Bream The Bleak The "Essence de 1'Orient " The Loach The Spinous Loach . . 107 



CHAPTER VII. 



PHYSOSTOMI (concluded) CYCLOSTOMATA LEPTOCARDII. 



GONORHYNCHID^; HYODONTID.E OSTEOGLOSSID^E-CLUPEID^E THE ANCHOVY THE HERRING The Fisheries The 

 Boat and Nets The Whitebait The Sprat The Shad The Pilchard The Pilchard Fishery CHIROCENTHID^E 

 ALEPOCEPHALID.E NOTOPTERID.E HALOSAURID.E GYMNOTID.E The Electric Eel Electric Organ Effects of 

 the Shock SYMBRANCHID^E--MUR/ENID.E Characters Various Types THE SHARP-NOSED EEL Weight Habits 

 THE BROAD-NOSED EEL THE CONGER EEL Characters Prehensile Power of its Tail Habits The Genus 

 Muraena PEGASID.E CYCLOSTOMATA Characters MARSIPOBRANCHII PETROMYZONTIDA: Characters 

 THE SEA LAMPREY Distinctive Features Great Suctorial Power Distribution THE LAMPERN, OR RIVER 

 LAMPREY THE SAND-PIPER MYXINID^E Characters THE HAG Distinctive Features Remarkable Nostril 

 Character Its Enormous Mucous Secretion LEPTOCARDII CIRROSTOMI THE LANCELET Size Characters 

 Peculiar Heart and Blood Difficulty connected with it and Hag FOSSIL FISHES 134 



THE ANIMALS WITHOUT BACKBONES THE INVERTEBRATA. 



INTRODUCTION. 



Characteristics of Vertebrata Modifications Characteristics of the Invertebrata Various Distinctions among Them- 

 selvesHabits Classification Intermediate Groups 150 



INVERTEBRATA. TYPE MOLLUSCA. 

 CHAPTER I. 



THE CEPHALOPODA. 



Cephalopoda Derivation of the Term Unexpected Relationships Shells Utility of Aquaria General Characters of 

 the "Naked" Cephalopods Classification : the Dibranchiata and Tetrabranchiata Their Mode of Locomotion 

 The Mouth and Eyes Means of Escape and Defence Representative Dibranchiates in the Ancient World 

 DIBRANCHIATA, OCTOPODA ARGONAUTID.E The Argonaut, or Paper Nautilus Its Fabled Position Its 

 Praises as Sung by the Poets How the Nautilus really Swims The True Uses of the Arms Curious Fact 

 regai-ding the Shell The Male as Compared with the Female The " Hectocotylus " Species of Argonaut 

 OCTOPODID.E The Common Octopus Appearance Formidable Seizing Organs Owen's Description of the 

 Tentacles Mechanism of the Suckers The Octopods of Leghorn The Octopus of the Greeks Mr. Darwin's 

 Account of the Octopus A Diver Attacked The Adventures of an Octopus in an Aquarium Spawning Season 

 Eggs of the Octopus Henry Lee's Observations as to the Hatching of the Eggs The Baby Octopus New 

 Growth of Amputated Limbs Food for Predatory Fishes Contests with the Conger Eel The " Devil-fish " 

 and Nursehound Various Species of Octopus De Montfort's Gigantic Octopus Cuttles and Octopus as Diet 

 Octopus Fishery DECAPODA TEUTHID^E Distinctive Features The Tentacles Suckers Shell Remark- 

 able Skin Characters Play of Colours THE COMMON SQUID "Pen-and-ink Fish " Their Spawn The "Little 

 Squids" The Nerve-masses of the Dibranchiata A Tom Thumb Cephalopod Loli<iopsis Ckeirotcuthis 

 Histioteuthis The Clawed Calamary Construction of the Suckers of the Calamary The Armed Calamary 

 The Sagittated Calamary " Sea-arrows " Squid-bait The Cod-fishery Squid-jigging The Giant Cephalopods 

 Instances of their being Met with, and of their Capture Sir Francis Chantrey and Fossil Ink BELEMNITHXE 

 No Living Representative What the Fossil really is Species SEPIAD.E The Common Cuttle-fish Beautiful 

 Coloration The Bone or Shell The Cranial Cartilage in the Cuttle The Heart Movements in the Water 



