CONTENTS. v 



PAGE 



Not Long-lived in Confinement, and why The Cuttle's Eye The " Ink-bag "Discharge of the Ink Use of 

 the Ink The Eggs of the Cuttle Young Cuttles Uses of the "Bone" Various Species of Sepia The Cuttle 

 as an Article of Diet SPIRULID,E Genus Spirula Remarkable Characters Rarity Difficulty of Studying it 

 Peculiar Shell Characters ORDER TETRABRANCHIATA NAUTILIAD/E External- shelled Cephalopods 

 Nautilus and Spirula the only Siphonated Shells Living Construction of the Shell Rumphius's Account of the 

 Pearly Nautilus Mr. Moseley's Observations How the Animal Moves Abundance Various Parts of the Nautilus 

 The Air-chambers The Uses of the Siphuncle Formation of the Septa Fossil Members of the Tetrabranchiata 154 



CHAPTER II. 



THE GASTEROPODA. 



'Shell-fish" Uses of the Shell The Kinds of Shells Economical Uses of the Mollusca in the Earliest Period and in 

 the Present Day Form and Growth of Shells Parts of a Shell Order I. PROSOBRANCHIATA : 

 (a) SIPHONOSTOMAT A Siphonated Gasteropoda Family I. STROMBID^:, " Wing-shells "2. MURICID.E 

 Murex, the Source of the Celebrated " Tynan Purple " Dye " Mitre-shells " Fusus, the " Red Whelk " Whelks 

 used for Food Hemifusus, one of the Largest of Living Shells t. BUCCINID.S Buccinum, "Triton's Shells "- 

 The "Dog Whelk," Nassa Purpura Its Dye How it Tackles its Prey Magilus Boring in Coral The Harp- 

 shells The Olives 4. CASSIDID^E Cassis "Cameo-shells" Triton Use of the Sheilas a Trumpet Growth of 

 Sea Snails 5. CONID.E The " Cones" Their Beauty and Commercial Value Conus Gloria-maris Terebra, the 

 " Auger-shell "6. VOLUTID.E Rarity of the Volutes 7. The CYPRJEUXE Cowries Richness of their Colour and 

 their Value Past and Present Prices of Specimens of Rare Shells The Money Cowry Cuttle-fishing with 

 Cowry Bait Shells as Articles of Ornament in Dress Ovulum 189 



CHAPTEE III. 



THE GASTEROPODA (concluded) AND PTEROPODA. 



Order I. (concluded) (b) the Holostomata, or Entire-mouthed Sea Snails Family 8. NATICIOE 9. CANCELLARIAD.E 

 10. PYRAMIDELLID.E 11. SOLARIAD.E "The Staircase-Shell "12. SCALARIAD.E Scalaria pretiosa, the "Wentle- 

 trap" Great Value attached to this Shell 13. CERITHIAD,E Potamides in Fresh Water 14. TURRITELLID-E 

 "Tower-shells" Vermetus Worm-shells 15. MELANIAD^E 16. PALUDINID.E Fresh-water Snails the "Apple 

 Snail," Ampullaria Its Tenacity of Life 17. LITTORINID.E Periwinkles as Food 18. CALYPTRA:IIXE "Bonnet 

 Limpets" The Grotto-shells, Phorus 19. TURBINID.E Trochus 20. HALIOTID-E The Ear-shell, Haliotis Uses 

 of Pearly Shells Pleurotomaria Its Rarity 21. IANTHINID^E lanthina, "Floating Shells" The Raft 22. 

 FISSURELLID.E 23. NERITID.E 24. PATELLID.E "Limpets" Used as Food How the Oyster-catcher Detaches 

 them 25. DENTALIAD.E 26. CHITONID.E Multivalve Snails Order II.. PULMONIFERA Air-breathers- 

 Anatomy of a Snail Inoperculata, or Land Snails without Operculum Characters Curious Experience of a 

 Desert Snail 27. HELICID.E Used as Food The Largest Land Shell Known The Odontophore, or Tooth-bearing 

 TongueOther Genera 28. LIMACID.E The Slugs The Mucus Secretion and its Uses 29. ONCIDIAD.E 30. 

 LIMX.EID.E Air-breathing Pond Snails 31. AuRicuLiDJi Operculata, or Operculated Land Snails 32. CYCLOSTO- 

 MID.E 33. HEUCINID.E 34. ACICULID.E Order III., OPISTHOBRANCHIATA 35. TORNATELLID.E 36. 

 BI - LLID,E 37. APLYSIAD.E "Sea Hares" 38. PLEUROBRANCHID.E 39. PHYLLIDID^E The "Sea Slugs" 40. 

 DORID,E 41. TRITONIAD.E 42. ^EOLIDJE 43. PHYLLIRHOID.E 44. ELYSIAD^E Order IV., NUCLEO- 

 BRANCHIATA Oceanic Snails-45. FiROLiD^E The Carinaria 46. ATLANTIIXE Class III., PTEROPODA 

 Their Pelagic Character Their Abundance Source of Food to the Right Whale Their Wing-feet compared to 

 Moths Delicacy of their Shells Distribution 207 



CHAPTEE IV. 



THE CONCHIFERA. 



Class IV., CONCHIFERA Bivalve Shells Their Sedentary or Burrowing Habits Structure of Bivalve Shells- 

 Anatomy of Animal Muscles, Mantle, Gills, &c. Family 1. OSTREID.E Oysters Their Economic Value 

 Frank Buckland on the Oyster The " Points " of an Oyster Mode of Cultivation The Young Oysters Their 

 Enemies Their Sensitiveness to Cold Ancient Shell Relics 2. ANOMIAD^E 3. PECTINID^E- Scallop Shells 

 The St. James's Shell The Spondylus, or Thorny Oyster Vivacity of Young Pecten Value of Bivalve 

 Shells 4. AVICULID.E Pearl Oysters Use of Shells Value of Pearls Pearl-fishery, Ceylon The Divers THE 

 GREAT PINNA 5. MYTILID.E Mussels A Bridge Preserved by Mussels from Destruction Boring Shells, 

 Lithodomi -6. ARCADE 7. TRIGONIAD.E Trigonias 8. UNIONHXE River Mussels Pearl Mussels 9. CHAMID.E 

 10. TRIDACNID.E Giant Clams 11. CARDIAD.E 12. LUCINID.E 13. CYCLADID.E 14. ASTARTIDJS 15. 



CYPRINIDjE 16. VENERIDJ2 17. MACTRID.E 18. TELLINID.E 19. SOLENID.E " Razor-shells " 20. MYACID.* 



21. ANATINHXE 22. GASTROCH^ENID.E Stone-borers 23. PHOLADID* Wood-borers The Ship-worm . . 230 



INVERTEBRATA. INTERMEDIATE TYPE. THE TUNICATA. 



Structure of the Tunicata Explained The Throat or Gullet serving as the Breathing Organ Curious Ebb and Flow of 

 the Blood Their Division into Simple, Social, and Compound Ascidians Known to Aristotle 1. SIMPLE 

 ASCIDIANS Muscular Nature of Tunic "Sea-Squirts" Where Found 2. SOCIAL ASCIDIANS Mode of Union 

 Genera 3. TRUE COMPOUND ASCIDIANS Their Anatomy 4. THE PYROSOMID^E Their Pelagic Habits Their 

 Phosphorescence 5. SALPID.E Pelagic Solitary or in Chains 252 



THE INTERMEDIATE GROUP, MOLLUSCOIDA. 



THE MANTLE-BREATHING BIVALVES (BRACHIOPODA) AND THE MOSS ANIMALS (BRYOZOA). 



THE BRACHIOPODA Life History and Characters of the Brachiopoda Origin of the Name Subdivision "of 

 the Group Its Relations to other Organisms Growth and Structure of the External and Internal Skeleton 

 Muscles Organ of Attachment Mantle Gills Digestive, Generative, and Nervous Systems How the 

 Brachiopoda Live Classification and Anatomy of Minor Groups Distribution in Space and Ranges of Depth 

 of Living Forms Fossil Genera Embryology and Affinities THE BRYOZOA Life History of the Moss-animals 

 Name and Position of the Group Its Chief Subdivisions The Colonial Skeleton The Individual Moss-animal 

 Muscles and their Action Respiratory, Circulatory, and Reproductive Systems Structure and Functions of 

 the Appendicular Organs Classification and Anatomy of Minor Groups Geographical and Bathymetrical Dis- 

 tribution of Marine and Fresh-water Genera Geological Range Reproduction of the Colony and of the Individual 

 Embryological History Affinities and Systematic Position of the Brachiopoda and Bryozoa . . . 2-58 



