NATURAL HISTORY. 



PAGE 



Cyclophorus, an Operculated Land Snail . . . 225 

 Bulla oblonga Aplysia inca Shell of Aplysia inca . 225 

 Idalia ; Miranda ; Dendronptus ; Doto ; Hermsea ; 



Glaucus Carinaria cymbium .... 227 

 Hyalea gibbosa Hyalea longirostris Cleodora cuspi- 

 data C. lanceolata C. compressa . . . 229 



Anatomy of a Common Oyster 231 



Anatomy of Cytherea . 232 



Young Oysters furnished with Locomotive Organs . 234 

 Group of Oysters of Different Ages . . . .234 

 Shells of Pecten and Spondylus . . To face page 265 



Meleagrina margaritifera 237 



The " Hammer Oyster " 238 



Pinna nobilis, with its Byssus The Sea Mussel . . 239 

 Three Erect Columns of the Temple of Serapis at 



Puteoli bored by Lithodpmi 240 



Anatomy of Trigonia pectinata Trigonia costata 



Trigonia pectinata 241 



Unio pictorum Anodonta ensiformis .... 242 



Tridacna squamosa ....... 243 



Cardium edule ; Cardium echinatum ; Mya arenaria ; 

 Cytherea chione ....... 244 



Venus verrucosa, with its Animal Cytherea geogra- 

 phica, with its Animal Cytherea maculata . . 246 



Tellina radiata 247 



Donax trunculus Solen ensis Solen vagina . . 248 

 Anatomy of Soft Parts of Mya arenaria . . . 249 



The Watering-pot Shell 250 



Pholas dactylus in a Shelter Teredo navalis . . 251 



Structure of Tunicate 252 



Cynthia (Ascidia) microcosmus 253 



Boltenia (Ascidia) pedunculata ..... 254 

 Pyrosoma . . . . . . . . . 256 



Salpa maxima 257 



Terebratula cubensis Discinisca lamellosa . . . 258 

 Rhynchonella spinosa ; Productus longispinus ; Cho- 

 netes ; Ventral Valve of Productus complectens . 259 



Sections of Shell Structure 260 



Ventral and Dorsal Valve of "VValdheimia australis . 261 

 Ventral and Dorsal Valve of Lingula anatina . . 261 

 Dingula pyramidata ....... 262 



Animal of Lingula anatina ...... 263 



Crania anomala ........ 264 



Internal cast of Dorsal Valve of Orthis ; Section of 

 Pentamerus, showing Chambers Dorsal Valve of 

 Spirifera glabra ; Dorsal Valve of Rhynchonella 

 psittacea ......... 265 



Loop of Liothyris ; Terebratulina ; Terebratella ; Bou- 



chardia ; Megerlia ; Argiope 266 



Thecidium Mediterraneum, as in Life . 266 



Terebratula Wyvillii 267 



Free- swimming Ciliated Larva of Terebratulina ; At- 

 tached ; Later Stage ; Horse -shoe stage of Loop . 268 

 Bugula purpurotincta ....... 269 



Cristatella mucedp 270 



Winged, Crescentic, and Circular Type of Gill Tentacles 271 

 Alcyonidium gelatinosum ; Plumatella allmani . . 272 

 Cell and Anatomy of a Moss-animal .... 272 

 Moss-animal Retracted in its Cell .... 273 

 Communication Plates and Pores in Cell Walls of 

 Membranipora msmbranacea ; Perforated Stem of 

 Zoobotryon Alimentary Canal of Cellepora. . 274 

 Cells of Cheilostomatous Bryzoon Portion of Poly- 

 zoarium with Vibraculee ; Sessile and Pedunculate 

 Avicularia Cells of Bugula avicularia, with Avi- 



cularia holding a Worm 275 



Stomatopora dichotoma ...... 276 



Bowerbankia Endoproctous Type, Pedicellina cernua 277 

 Free-swimming Ciliated Cheilostome Larva ; Statoblast 



of Fredericella . 280 



A Beetle with the Head, the Portions of the Thorax, 



and the Abdomen Separated and Magnified . . 281 

 Side View of Abdomen of Decticus .... 282 



Walking Leg of Cockroach 283 



Head of Hornet Various Forms of Antennae . . 284 



Organs of the Mouth 285 



Earwig in its Development 288 



Larva, Chrysalis, and Imago of Papilio machaon. . 289 

 Nervous System of Larva of Bee ..... 290 

 Nervous System of Perfect Bee ..... 291 



Structure of Eye of Cockchafer 292 



Digestive Apparatus of Dyticus 293 



Cpleoptera Escaping from a River-flood . . . 301 



Cicindela campestris and Larvze 302 



Phseoxantha klugii 303 



Carabus auratus ........ 304 



Carabus adonis ........ 305 



Procerus gigas Damaster blapto'ides .... 306 



Mormolyce phyllodes Tefflus megerlei. . . 307 

 Hyperion schrceteri Anthia thoracica .... 308 



Dyticus marginalia ....... 310 



Haliplus fulvus Laccophilus variegatus Hydroporus 



griseostriatus Suphis cimicoides .... 311 

 Enhydrus sulcatus Gyrinus distinctus . . . 312 



Hydrophilus piceus 313 



Ocypus olens (Devil's Coach-horse) and Larva . . 315 



Pselaphus heisii 310 



The Burying-Beetle 318 



Dermestes lardarius and D. vulpinus .... 321 

 Cerambyx heros and Lucanus cervus (The Stag 



Beetle To face page 324 



Dorcus titan 324 



Sacred Beetle 325 



Cockchafer 327 



Xylotrupes dichotoma Megaoeras chorinseus . . 328 

 Megasoma typhon Goliathus druryi .... 329 



Ceratorhinapolyphemus 330 



Rosechafer Cyria imperialis 331 



Chalcophora mariana Elater preparing to Spring 



Jumping Organ of Elater ..... 332 



West Indian Firefly Alaus oculatus .... 333 



Lampyris splendidula ....... 334 



Meloe cicatricosus Sitaris muralis .... 337 



Stylops spencei 339 



Rhynchophorus palmarum ...... 341 



Rhynchites bacchus Apoderus coryli .... 342 



Larinus maculosus 343 



The Stag-horned Longicorn . . To face pac/e 345 



Oncideres vomicosus ....... 347 



Crioceris merdigera 349 



Lina populi 350 



Seven-spotted Lady-bird 351 



The Tailed Wasp 353 



Diagram of Hymenopterous Wing .... 354 



Common Wasp Larva of Saw-fly 355 



Larva, Nymph, and Cocoon of Wood Ant . . . 356 



Head of Bee The Hive Bee 359 



The Honeycomb Under Surface of Bee, showing the 



Wax between the Segments 361 



Apathus vestalis 366 



Osmia leucomelana and its Nest . 368 



Leaf-eating Bees and Nests . . .To face page 369 



Mason Bee 369 



Polistes gallica and Nest ...... 372 



Philanthus triangulum and Nest 374 



Pelopseus spirifex and Nest 375 



Mutilla europsea 377 



TheWoodAnt 378 



Myrmecocystus mexicanus ...... 382 



SaubaAnt 383 



