10 MAMMALIA. 



doqua. 3. Antilope. 4. Gazella. 5. Ovis. 6. Capra. 7 

 Ovibos. 



V. BOVID^E. (Muffle naked, grazers.) 1. Tragulus (Ant. pyg- 

 meus). 2. Sylvicapra (A. Mergens). 3. Tragelaphus (A. picta). 

 4. Calliope (A. Strepsiceros). 5. Kemas (A. Goral). 6. Capri- 

 oornis (A. Thar). 7. Bubalus (A. Bubalus). 8. Oryx (A. Oryx). 

 9. Bos. 



Lesson (Nov. Tab. Reg. Anim. 167. 1842) divides them into 

 1. Camelisidae. 2. Camelopardinae. 3. Cervisidae. 4. Mos- 

 chisidae. 5. Antilopeae. 6. Ovesideae. 7- Bovesideae. 



Mr. Hodgson, in an Essay on various genera of Ruminants 

 (Journ. Acad. N. S. Calcut. 1847; Mission Press, 1847), proposes 

 to divide them into 1. Cervidce orHaranadi; 2. Mosckiaa or 

 Mushkadi ; 3. the Cavicornice minor es or Flocks, as Antilopidce 

 or Sasinadi; 4. Cavicornice majores or Herds, as Bovidceo? Gau- 

 drisha. 



Professor Carl Sundevall in his Essay on Pecora (Kongl. 

 Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1844, 1846 ; and Hornschuch, Archiv, 

 ii. 1848) proposes the following arrangement : 



A. UNGULIGRADA. a. Cervicornia. I. Camelopardalina. 



I. Camelopardalis. II. Cervina. 2. Alces. 3. Rangifer. 4. Cer- 

 vus. 5. Caprcolus. 6. Prox. 7 '. Moschus. 8. Tragulus. b. Bovi- 

 cornia. III. Sylvicaprina. a. 9. Tetraceras. 10. Tragelaphus. 



II. Sylvicapra. 12. Neotragus. 13. Nanotragus. 14. Callo- 

 tragus. b. 15. Cervicapra. 16. Strepsiceros. 17. Hippotragus. 

 IV. Bovina. a. 18. Portax. 19. Damalis. 20. Anoa. 21. Bos. 

 b. 22. Ovibos. 23. Catoblepas. 24. Oryx. V. Antilopina. 

 25. Bubalis. 26. Antilope. 27. Dicranoceras. VI. Caprina. 

 28. Ovis. 29. Capra. 29 b. Rupicapra. 29 c. Hemitragus. 

 30. Nemorhedus. 31. Oreotragus. 



B. DIGITIGRADA. VI. Camelma. 32. Camelus. 33. Au- 

 chenia, 



M. Pucheran (Compt. Rendus Acad. Scien. 1849, 775) divides 

 the Ruminantes into three families : 1. Les Camelides. 2. Les 

 Tragulides (Moschus). 3. Les Cervides. The latter is divided 

 into two tribes : 1. Les Cerviens. 2. Les Boviens. 



M. F. Cuvier observes : " Mais tous ces essais ne sont point 

 encore de nature a satisfaire la methode naturelle, et lesnaturalistes 

 doivent encore chercher a decouvrir quelles sont les parties qui, 

 chez ces animaux, sont propres a caracteriser les genres."- 

 Dict. Set. Nat. lix. 514. 1829. 



Mr. Ogilby remarks (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, 133) : " The 

 presence or absence of horns in one or both sexes ; the substance 

 and nature of these organs, whether solid or concave, permanent 



