28 MAMMALIA. 



3. BUBALUS CAFFER. The CAPE BUFFALO. 



Forehead broad. Horns roundish at the end, depressed, and 

 very rugose at the base ; near the base becoming dilated, at length 

 very broad, rugose, very convex, and close together over the 

 forehead. Ears veiy large, half as large as the head, broad, 

 acute, ciliated. Skin bluish purple or black, nearly naked, with 

 some two-rowed diverging bristles on the middle of the back. 



Bos caffer, Sparm. K. S. Veter. Akad. 1774-79, t. 3; Griffith, 

 A. K. iv. 384. t. . young, v. 889 ; Harris, Wild Animals 

 Africa, 1. 13, and head; Zimmerm. Geogr. Gesch. ii. 90; Gmelin, 

 S. N. i. 207 ; Schreb. Saugth. t. 301 ; Cuvier, Diet. Sci. Nat. 

 v. 28; Reg. Anim. i. 271 ; Desm. Nouv. Diet. H. N. iii. 527 ; 

 Mam. 494 ; Ency. Meth. t. 45. f. 5 ; Thunb. Mem. Act. Pe- 

 tersb. iii. 318; Vollborth, Comm. Anat. Eerol. 1826; Desmoul. 

 Diet. Class. H. N. ii. 367 ; Fischer, Syn. Mam. 494, 652. 



Bubalus caffer, Gray, List Mam. B. M. 153; Cat. Osteol. Sp. B. 

 M. 54 ; Turner, Proc. Z. Soc. 1849. 



Cape Ox, Pennant-, Shaw, Zool. ii. 416; Harris, W. Anim. Afr. 

 t. 13. 



Buffel, Sparm. Reise, 297, 379, &c. t. 2. 



Dawf Ox, Pennant, Syn. Quad. i. 9. t. 2. f. 3, young horns. 



Wilde Buffel, Dutch at Cape-, Forster, Reise die Weld, i. 85. 



Qu'araho, Hottentots. 



Cape Buffalo, Knight, Mus. Anim. Nat. f. 751, 753. 



Buffalo, Bewick, Hist. Quad. 47. 



Hob. S. Africa, in the Deserts, near Cape of Good Hope. 



A male, not in a good state. South Africa. Presented by W. 

 Burchell, LL.D. 



A male. South Africa. Presented by the Earl of Derby. 



OSTEOLOGY. Skulls, adult and young, t. 2. f. 1, 2, 3. 

 Buffle de Cap, Daub, in Buffon H. N. xi. 416. t. 41; Cuvier, Oss. 

 Foss. iv. 132. t. 9. f. 14, 15 ; Vollborth, de Bobus, fyc. 1826, t. 3. 



Frontal bone and horns, young. South Africa. From Mus. 

 Royal Society. 



Skull and horns. South Africa. 



Skull and horns. South Africa. 



Skeleton of male. South Africa. From the Gardens of the 

 Zoological Society. 



The horns of the young specimen are depressed and rugose, 

 and very different from those of B. brachyceros, which Prof. 

 Sundevall considers as the young of this species. The pair of 

 young horns which was in the Museum of the Royal Society 

 (Grew, Rar. 26), figured by Pennant (Syn. t. 2. f. 3), is now in 



