MAMMALIA. 



ift 



vered with a pencil of hairs. The fur brittle, in summer short, 

 in winter longer, whiter ; of the throat longest. The hoofs are 

 broad, depressed, and bent in at the tip. The external metatarsal 

 gland above the middle of the leg. Horns in both sexes, elon- 

 gate, subcylindrical, with the basal branches and tip dilated and 

 palmated ; of the females smaller. Skull with rather large nose- 

 cavity, at least half as long as the distance to the first grinder ; 

 the intermaxillary moderate, nearly reaching to the nasal; a 

 small, very shallow suborbital pit; a very large, oblong, deep 

 fissure. They live in the arctic regions in both hemispheres, 

 migrating in flocks, and eating lichens. 



Cervus 2. Rangifer, H. Smith in G. A. K. iv. ,1827; in 



Fischer, Syn. ii. 612. 

 Rangifer, Lesson, Mamm. i. 260 ; N. Tab. R. A. 169, 1842 ; Gray, 



List Mamm. B. M. 181 ; Cat. Osteol. B. M. 69 ; Sundevall, 



Pecora, 64, 113, 131. 

 Tarandus, Ogilby, P. Z. S. 1836, 134. 

 Rennes, Blainv. Desm. Mam. ii. 448, 1822. 



1. TARANDUS RANGIFER. The CARIBOU REIN DEER. 



Dark brown in summer ; grey in winter. Young, brown yel- 

 low varied. 



Cervus Tarandus, Linn. S. N. i. 93 ; Gmelin, S. N. i. 177 ; Am&n. 



Acad. iv. 144. t. 1; ErxL Syst. 305; Retz. Fn. Suec. i. 42; 



Fab. Faun. Grcenl.16', Schreb. Saugth.lS2S, t.248 A,B,C,D,E; 



Desm. N. Diet. H. N. ii. 521 ; Mamm. 431 ; Ency. Meth. t. 58. 



f. 3, 4 ; F. Cuvier, Diet. Sc. Nat. vii. 463. fig. ; Mam. Lithog. 



t. ; Desmoul. Diet. Class. H. N. iii. 375 ; Fischer, Syn. 443. 



631; Pallas, Zool. Ross. A. i. 106; Eversmann, Bull. Soc. 



Imp. Nat. Mosq. 1?40, 59 ; Cuvier, Mam. Lithog. t. ; Bennett, 



Gard. Z. S, 241. fig.; Richardson, F. Bor. Amer. 238. 

 C. Tarandus sylvestris (Woodland Caribou), Rich. F. B. A. 



250. 



Tarandus rangifer, Bonap. Index Mamm. Europ. 35, 1845. 

 Cervus rangifer, Rail Syn. 88 ; Klein, Quad. 23. t. 1 ; Brisson, 



R. A. 92. 



Caprsea Grrenlandica, Raii Syn. 90. 

 Cervus Grcenlandicus, Brisson, Reg. Anim. 88. 

 Cervus platyrhynchos, Vrolich, Rendier, t. 2, 1828. 

 Cervus coronatus, Geoff. MSS. in Schreb. Saugth. 1135; Desm. 



Mamm. 439; Fischer, Syn. 613; H. Smith, Griffith A. K. v. 



772; iv. 95. t. .f. 4. 

 Rangifer Tarandus, Gray, List Mamm. B. M. 181 ; Cat. Osteol. 



B. M. 69 ; Sundevall, Pecora, 54. 

 Cervus mirabilis, Jonston, Quad. t. 36. 



