254 MAMMALIA. 



Varies from brown to white, and also greatly in size, strength 

 and quickness, according to the breed and the climate. 



2. LAMA. 



Back even, not humped. Tail short, hairy. Toes slender; 

 soles narrow, separate in front. Grinders ~. South America. 



Lama, Cuvier; Desm. N. Diet. H. N. xxiv. 31, 1804; Fischer, 



Syn. 436. 



Auchenia, Illiaer, Prod. 103, 1811 (not Marshall). 

 Lacma, Tiedemann, Zool. i. 421. 

 " Llacma, Cuvier," Illiaer, Prod. 

 Vicunia, Rqfinesque> Anal. Nat. 55, 1815. 

 Dromedarius, Wagler, N. Syst. Amph. 

 Aucheria, F. Cuvier, Diet. Sci. Nat. lix. 512 (misprint). 

 Les Lamas, F. Cuvier, Dent. Mam. 229. 



Elaphocamelus, Mathiola, Episc. 381; Marcgrave, Brasils, 243. 

 Cervocamelus, Jonst. Quad. 



Molini, and most systematic writers after him, have considered 

 that there are five distinct kinds: viz. 1. Vigoyne, 2. Guanaco, 

 3. 1 Jama, 4. Alpaca, 5. Heugue. 



Desmarest (N. D. H. N. xxiv. 31, 1804) allows two. 1. Lama 

 (C. llama and huanacus, Linn.). 2. Vigogne (C. paco, C. Vico- 

 nia, and C. araunacus, Linn.). 



M. F. Cuvier allows of three kinds : he considers the Vigoyne 

 as very doubtful, but the latter is often brought alive to this 

 country. 



Dr. Tschudi, in the Fauna of Peru, indicates four kinds : viz. 

 1. A. huanaco, 2. A. Lama, 3. A. pacos, and 4. A. Vicunia. 

 He states that the Lama and Alpaca are only known in the do- 

 mesticated state. 



Dr. Sundevall (Pecora) considers there is only tw r o species, the 

 A. Lama and A. Vicunna, regarding the Lama and Alpaca as 

 domestic varieties of the Huanaco (A. Lama). 



Prof. F. L. Waltber (Neue Annal. Wetter. Gesellsch. 1819, 105), 

 on the other hand, proposes to divide the genus Lama into three 

 sections. 1. Lama, with a callosity on the breast. 2. Guanak, 

 with one on the (Rucken) ; and 3. Araukan, containing the Vi- 

 gogne and Pako, without any callosities (Hocker) ! 



The period of gestation in the three kinds which have bred at 

 Knowsley, namely the Llama, Alpaca, and Guanaco, is eleven 

 months ; the Llama and Alpaca breed regularly ; but by the 

 Guanaco only a single fawn has been produced, to which one of 

 the male Llamas is sire. None of them produce more than one 

 at a birth. 



