MAMMALIA. 263 



Fore and bind legs with hard horny bodies called warts, chestnuts, 

 or sallenders, placed above the knee (wrist) on the fore-legs and 

 below the hock (heel) in the hind ones. 



Equus, Gray, Zool. Journ. i. 261, 1825 ; List Mam. B. M. 182 ; 



List Osteol. B. M. 70; List Hodgson Collection, 35. 

 Equus, sp. Linn.; Lesson, N. Tab. R. Anim. 165, 1842. 

 Caballus, Rafinesque, Anal. Nat. 55, 1815. 



The warts are rarely absent on the hind legs, for it is stated 

 that "the bay mare Eaglet was without sallenders on the hock 

 joint." Jamaica Times, 1845, Aug. 26. 



1. Eauus CABALLUS. The HORSE. 



Brown, grey, or black, with roundish pale spots. 



Var. Equiferus, Pallas, Zool. Ross. Asiat. i. 260; Eichw. Faun, 



Casp. Caur. 29. 

 Wild Pferde, S. G. Gmelin, Reise Rusland, i. 44. t. 9 (cop. Shaw 



Zool. t. 414 ; Schreb. t. 109) ; Pallas, Reis. i. 211. 

 Takija or Wild Horses, Hainvay, Hist. Caspian Sea, i. 349 ; Bell, 



Travels, i. 212; Smith, Equida, 146. 



The figure of the Wild Horse as giver by Gmelin very much 

 resembles the ponies left at liberty on tht commons of Cormvall 

 and mountains of Scotland, and it appears very doubtful if they are 

 not rather to be considered as domestic horses which have escaped 

 and deteriorated. Pallas observes that the very young are easily 

 tamed, but the adult never. (Z. R. A. 260.) It is to be observed 

 that this is not the case with the horses which have become semi- 

 wild in the rich prairies of America, where they have retained the 

 size and form of the well-bred horse. 



Domestic Varieties. 



Equus antiquorum, Gesner, Quad, 132. 



Equus Caballus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. 100; Gmel. S. N. i. 209; 

 Desm. Mamm. 416 ; F. Cuvier, Diet. Sci. Nat. viii. 455; Fis- 

 cher, Syn. Mam. 429 ; Gray, Zool. Journ. i. 260 ; List Mam. 

 B. M. 182 ; List Osteol. B. M. /O ; List Hodgson Coll. 35 ; 

 Renger, I.e. 331. 



Equus, Equa, Pliny, H. N. ; Gesner; Pallas, Z. R. A. i. 255. 



Horse, Penn. B. Z. i. 



Generous Horse, Penn. Quad. 



Cheval, Buff. H. N. iv. 174; Cuvier, R. A. i. 243. 



Pferd, Redinger. 



Ross, Schrank. 



The Horse, Youatt, TJte Horse, its History, Breeds, fyc., Ham, 

 Smith, Equidce, Jcvrdme's Naturalist's Library. 



