APPENDIX IV 189 



C. OSMOSIS AND DIGESTION. 



1. Proofs that water and grape sugar will pass through a mem- 



brane ; definition and law of osmosis. 



2. Proofs that starch and protein will not pass through a mem- 



brane; digestion of starch; definition of digestion; diges- 

 tive ferments. 



D. ADAPTATIONS OF THE NUTRITIVE ORGANS OF PLANTS. 



1. Roots: gross structure; structure of a root-hair ; functions of 



roots ; adaptations of roots. 



2. Stems : gross structure of a woody stem ; functions of stems ; 



adaptations of stems ; changes in stems during growth. 



3. Leaves: gross and microscopical structure; functions of 



leaves ; adaptations of leaves. 



E. RESPIRATION AND THE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY IN PLANTS. 



1. Energy: examples in plants; proof that heat energy is de- 



veloped in growing seedlings ; transformations of energy; 

 source of energy ; oxidation as a means of liberating energy. 



2. Respiration: definition; proof of the necessity of air for plants 



and of the production of carbon dioxide by plants. 



F. REPRODUCTION IN SEED-PRODUCING PLANTS. 



1. Floral envelopes: names of the parts of each floral envelope; 



position and general description of the floral envelopes 

 in the flowers studied; functions of each of the floral 

 envelopes. 



2. Essential organs: name, number, position, and parts of each 



of the essential organs; general description and func- 

 tions of the parts of each of the essential organs. 



3. Pollination. 



a. Self-pollination : definition ; devices to prevent it in flowers 



studied. 

 6. Cross-pollination : definition ; devices to make it possible 



in flowers studied ; agencies which secure cross-pollina- 



