FLOWERING SHRUBS. 31 



evergreen: such are the laurels and kalmias ; and 

 deciduous, or those, of which the leaves fall off 

 in the winter, and the stem survives ; as, for 

 instance, the lilac and laburnum. All these are 

 propagated either by layers, cuttings, or suck- 

 ers, and sometimes by seeds. 



The root only of the herbaceous plant lives 

 through the winter; the flower stem dies as 

 soon as it has performed its duty, and is repro- 

 duced in the spring ; such are the campanula, 

 or bell flower, the sweet-william, and many 

 others; and these are generally increased by 

 dividing the roots, sometimes also by seeds and 

 cuttings. 



The biennial is a plant usually grown from 

 seed, requiring, however, two years before it 

 arrives at perfection and produces flowers, after 

 which it dwindles away, and dies. Canterbury 

 bells, foxgloves, &.c. are biennials. 



