SCIENTIFIC WORKS 57 



disguised, but never absent, antagonism of all the 

 varieties of ecclesiasticism to the freedom of thought 

 and to the spirit of scientific investigation." It is 

 not necessary, however, to state the arguments put 

 forward in detail ; we have already pointed out that 

 the dogmatical theology against which they were 

 so strongly directed has practically passed out of 

 existence. 



In 1878 Mr. John Morley asked Huxlc}^ to wTite an 

 account of Hume for the series of English Men of 

 Letters, and Huxley, who had benefited much from 

 the study of Hume's works, undertook the task. 

 This statement of Hume's philosophy, as well as an 

 account of his life, occupies the first part of Volume 

 VI. of the Collected Essays, which book concludes 

 with two chapters intended as helps to the study of 

 Berkeley. In addition to the popular lectures and 

 addresses which make up the volume of Lay Sermons 

 and Addresses, some fiu-ther items of similar character 

 are included in Volume VIII. of the Collected Essays. 



The '' Romanes Lecture " of 1893 and " Evolution 

 and Ethics " will be found in Volume IX. {Collected 

 Essays), which volume also contains Huxley's article 

 on '' Science and Morals," which appeared in 1886. 

 In this famous article Huxley affirmed his belief in 

 the universal validity of the laws of causation ; also 

 his denial of the opinion attributed to him that 

 everything beyond the scope of physical science 

 was unverifiable. In answer to this latter charge, 

 he says at once that a great many important phe- 

 nomena lie quite beyond its scope, as an example 

 of which he mentions consciousness. He also takes 

 the opportunity to dispel the idea that he found 

 any satisfaction in materialism, and he says that, if 



