SCIENCE FOR THE PEOPLE 67 



accompanied by a protest from the philosophical 

 side against what was then commonly called mate- 

 rialism. The result, however, was to draw upon his 

 head some violent attacks by " microscopiste, ignor- 

 ant alike of biology and pliilosophy ; by philosophers, 

 not very learned in either biology or microscopy ; 

 by clergymen of several denominations ; and by 

 some few writers who have taken the trouble to 

 understand the subject." Amongst these criticisms 

 was one by i\Ir. Congreve, which drew forth from 

 Huxley a further paper, under the name of '' The 

 Scientific Aspects of Positivism," wliich was really 

 a reply to IVL:. Congreve's attack on the lay sermon 

 just mentioned. 



Til en we pass to some lectures and addresses of 

 quite a different character. One of them is that 

 " On a Piece of Chalk," which was delivered to the 

 working-men of Norwich at the time of the British 

 Association meeting in that city in 186S. Tliis lecture 

 has become famous, and has doubtless been taken 

 as a model for many popular lectures on science 

 since. Indeed, there is no doubt that it is very 

 largely to Huxley that the credit is due for having 

 stirred up in the popular mind that desire for simple 

 explanations of the profound truths of natural science 

 of which we are seeing so largely the fruits to-day. 



This is followed bj^ Huxley's armiversary address 

 to the Geological Society, 1863, which is an inquiry 

 into the nature and value of the present results of 

 palseontological investigation. The anniversary ad- 

 dress of the same society in 1S69 follows, and deals 

 with the subject of geological reform, being a review 

 of geological thought during the past year. This 

 address deals largely with the views of Hutton and 



