ACESCENCY 



26 



ACETYLENE 



somewhat sour. 2. A disease of wines, whereby they 

 become sour owing to the agency of mycoderma aceti. 



Acescency (as-es'-en-se). See Acescence. 



Acescent (as-es'-ent) [acescere, to become sour] . Some- 

 what acid or tart; acidulous. 



Aceta (as-e'-tah). Plural of Acetum, q. v. 



Acetable (as-et'-a-bl) [acetabulum, a small cup]. An 

 old name for the acetabulum. 



Acetabular (as-et-ab' -u-lar) [acetabulum, a small cup]. 

 Pertaining to the acetabulum. 



Acetabuliferous (as-et-ab-u-lif -er-us) [acetabulum, a 

 small cup; ferre, to bear]. Having suckers, as the 

 arms of cuttle-fishes and squids. 



Acetabuliform (as-et-ab' -u-le-form) [acetabulum, a small 

 cup; forma, form]. Having the form of the acetab- 

 ulum, or of a shallow cup ; cotyloid, or glenoid. 



Acetabulum (as-et- ab'-u- lum) [L. , a small cup or 

 measure]. In biology, any cup - shaped cavity or 

 organ. The articulating cavity of the head of the 

 femur, or the leg of an insect ; one of the suckers on 

 the arms of cephalopods, or on the scolex of a tape- 

 worm ; the receptacle of certain fungi and lichens. 



Acetal (as'-et-al) [acetum, vinegar], C 6 H u 2 . Ethi- 

 dene diethylate, a colorless, mobile liquid, with an 

 ethereal odor, produced by the imperfect oxidation of 

 alcohol under the influence of platinum black. Spar- 

 ingly soluble in water ; boils at 104 C. ; sp. gr. at 20 

 is 0.8304. Its action is that of a soporific. Dose gj. 



Acetaldehyd (as-et-al'-de-kld). The normal aldehyd ; 

 ethaldehyd. See Aldehyd. 



Acetals (as'-et-alz) [acetum, vinegar]. Products of 

 the combination of aldehyds with the alcohols at 

 ioo° C. 



Acetamid (as-et'-am-id), C 2 H 5 NO. A white crystal- 

 line solid produced by distilling ammonium acetate, or 

 by heating ethyl acetate with strong aqueous ammonia. 

 It combines with both acids and metals to form 

 unstable compounds. 



Acetanilid (as-et-an'-il-id), C 8 H 9 NO. A white, crys- 

 talline solid. Produced by boiling anilin and glacial 

 acetic acid together for several hours ; the crystalline 

 mass is then distilled. It melts at 114 and boils at 

 295 . It is soluble in hot water, alcohol and ether. 

 Under the name antifebrin it is prescribed as an anti- 

 pyretic. Dose gr. iij— xv. 



Acetarium (as-et-a f -re-um) [gen., Acetarii : pl.,Aceta- 

 ria\ A pickle or salad. A. Scorbuticum, a pickle 

 containing leaves of scurvy-grass or other anti-scor- 

 butic plants; used in the treatment of scorbutic cases. 

 Unof. 



Acetary (as'-et-a-re) [acetum, vinegar]. An obsolete 

 or rare name for a sour pulpy substance found in pears 

 and some other fruits ; often enclosed within a congeries 

 Villous granules. 



Acetate (as'-et-at) [acetum, vinegar]. Any salt of 

 acetic acid. A. of Lead, plumbi acetas. See Plumbum. 



Acetic (as-e'-til-) [acetum, vinegar]. Pertaining to 

 acetum or vinegar ; sour. Six Acid, Acetic. A. Fer- 

 mentation, the development of acetic acid by the 

 activity of the Mycoderma aceti. 



Acetin (a^-etin) [actum, vinegar]. A chemical com- 

 pound formed by the union of glycerin and acetic acid. 



Acetolatum, i</ </■« /</ turn 1 [..;//., Acrto.'ati : //., Ace- 

 ■'/]. Distilled vinegar, variously aromatized or 

 medicated. 



Acetolature (as-etol'-at-ur) [acetolaturum\. Any 

 acetou> tinrtun-, or nii-clii ated vinegar. 



Acetometer [tu it ,-m' ■/<■/■) [acetum, vinegar; fiirpov, 

 measure], An instrument used in the quentitive de- 

 termination of acetfc a. ill. 



Acetometry (as-et-om' -et re) [aeehtm, vinegar) jUrpott, 

 measure]. The quantitive estimation of the amount 



of acetic acid in vinegar. Usually made by an aceto. 

 meter. 



Acetone (as'-et-on) [acetum, vinegar], C 3 H 6 0. Dime- 

 thyl Ketone. A colorless, mobile liquid, of peculiar 

 odor and burning taste ; present in crude wood-spirit ; 

 it occurs in small quantities in the blood and in 

 normal urine, and in considerable quantities in the 

 urine of diabetics. Like methyl alcohol it is miscible 

 in all proportions with ether, alcohol, and water. It 

 is an excellent solvent for resins, gums, camphor, fats, 

 and gun-cotton. 



Acetones (as' '-et-onz) . A class of compounds that may 

 be regarded as consisting of two alcoholic radicals 

 united by the group CO, or as aldehyds in which hy- 

 drogen of the group COH has been replaced by an 

 alcoholic radical. 



Acetonemia (as-et-o-ne' -me-ali) [acetone ; di/ua, blood.] 

 The presence of acetone in the blood. It may re- 

 sult from a number of diseases, but is characteristic of 

 chronic diabetes, and is associated with dyspnea, sub- 

 normal temperature, lowered pulse-rate, etc. The 

 patient finally falls into coma. The treatment consists 

 in increasing the secretions and by removing the 

 causes of the diseases. 



Acetonuria (as-et-on-u' -re-ali) [acetone ; ovpov, urine]. 

 The presence of acetone in the urine. 



Acetophenone (as-et-o-fe'-nb)i), C 6 H 5 (CO)(CH 3 ). 

 " Hypnone ; " a hypnotic and antiseptic. Without 

 satisfactory action. Dose TTLiv-xv. It results from the 

 action of zinc methyl upon benzoyl chlorid. Crystal- 

 lizes in large plates, melts at 20. 5 , and boils at 202 . 



Acetosella (as-et-o-sel'-ah). See Oxalis acetosella. 



Acetous (as-e'-tus) [acetum, vinegar]. Like or resem- 

 bling vinegar ; pertaining to, or charged with vinegar 

 or acetic acid. 



Acetoxim (as-et-oks'-im), (CH 3 ) 2 C.N.OH. A com- 

 pound formed by the action of hydroxylamin upon 

 acetone ; readily soluble in water, alcohol and ether ; 

 fuses at 6o°, boils at 135 . 



Acetoxims (as-et-oks'-imz). See Aldoxims. 



Acetphenetidin (as-et-fe-nef -id-hi) . See Phenacetin. 



Acetum, (as-e'-tum) [gen., Aceta: pi., Aceti']. [L.]. 

 Vinegar. An impure, dilute acetic acid produced by 

 acetous fermentation of wine, cider, or other fruit-juice. 

 See Fermentation. In pharmacy, a solution of the active 

 principles of certain drugs in dilute acetic acid. There 

 are four official aceta, each of which contains the solu- 

 ble principles of ten per cent, of its weight, viz., of 

 lobelia, opium, sanguinaria, and squill ; the acetutn of 

 cantharides is official in Great Britain. A. aromat- 

 icum (N. F.) ["aromatic vinegar"], a mixture of 

 alcohol, water and acetic acid, aromatized with the 

 oils of rosemary, lavender, juniper, peppermint, cassia, 

 lemon and cloves. A. britannicum, an aromatic 

 vinegar consisting of glacial acetic acid 600.0, cam- 

 phor 60.0, oil of cloves 2.0, oil of cinnamon 1.0, oil 

 of lavender 0.5. 



Acetyl (as'-et-il) [acetum, vinegar], (C 2 H 3 0). A uni- 

 valent radical supposed to exist in acetic acid and 

 its derivatives. Aldehyd may be regarded as the 

 hydrid and acetic acid as the hydrate, of acetyl. A. 

 Peroxid, (C 2 H.,0) 2 0.,, a thick liquid, insoluble in 

 water, but readily dissolved by ether and alcohol. 

 It is a powerful oxidizing agent. It is decomposed 

 in sunlight and explodes violently when heated. 



Acetylene (as-e/'-if eji) [actum, vinegar], C.^i^. A 

 colorless gas, with a characteristic and very unpleas- 

 ant odor, burning with a luminous, smoky flame. 

 Illuminating gas contains a small amount of it. 

 Formed by the imperfect combustion of illuminating 

 gas and other hydrocarbons. The acetylene series of 

 hydrocarbons has the general formula, C„ H Jn _ s . 



