ACHY LI A 



28 



ACID 



of the diastatic ferment of saliva upon starch or gly- 

 cogen. It is a modification of dextrin that may be 

 precipitated by alcohol, and is not altered by ptyalin, 

 nor colored by iodin. 



Achylia (ah-ki'-le-ah) [a priv.; ^u/loc, juice]. Absence 

 or deficiency of juice, or of chyle. 



Achylosis {ah-ki-l</ -sis) [a priv.; ^tvl^c, juice]. De- 

 ficient chylification. 



Achylous (ah-ki'-lus) [a priv.; jtv^oc, juice]. Without 

 chyle ; deficient in chyle or juice. 



Achymosis (ah-ki-mo'-sis) [a priv. ; ^v/^c, chyme]. 

 Deficient chymification. 



Achyranthes (ah-ki-ran' -thez) \_axvpov, chaff; avdug, 

 a flower]. A genus of amyrantaceous plants. A. 

 calea, of Mexico, is febrifugal. A. repens, of Europe 

 and the United States, is diuretic. Unof. 



Acicula (as-ik' -u-lah) [dim. of acus, a needle]. In 

 biology, a spine, bristle, or prickle; the bristle-like 

 flower of a grass. 



Acicular (as-ik' -u-lar) \aais, a needle]. Needle-like. 



Aciculum (as-ik' -u-lum) [dim. of acus, a needle : 

 pi., Acicula~\. In biology, one of the slender sharp 

 bristles in the rudimentary limbs of some worms. 



Aciculus (as-ik' -u-lus) [acus, a needle]. In biology, 

 a stout bristle or prickle. 



Acid (as' -id) [acere, to be sour]. A name loosely 

 applied to any substance having a sour taste. A com- 

 pound of an electro-negative element with one or more 

 atoms of hydrogen which can be replaced by electro- 

 positive or basic atoms. Acids vary in their termina- 

 tions according to the quantity of oxygen or other 

 electro-negative constituent. Those having the maxi- 

 mum of oxygen end in -ic ; those of a lower degree 

 in -<>us. Where there are more than two combinations 

 the preposition hyper- is prefixed to the highest, and 

 hypo- to the lowest. Acids that end in -ic, as sul- 

 phunV acid, form salts terminating in -ate ; those end- 

 ing in -ous form salts terminating in -ite. Physiologic- 

 ally, acids in concentrated form act as caustics ; diluted 

 and in medicinal doses they check acid-producing and 

 increase alkaline secretions. A., Abietic. SeeAbietic. 

 A., Abric (CjjH^N.O), a crystallizable acid, said to 

 exist in jequirity. A., Aceric, found in the juice of 

 Acer campestre, the common English maple. A., 

 Acetic, an acid solution composed of 36 parts of 

 absolute acetic acid (C 2 H 4 2 ), and 64 parts water. 

 Has strong acid properties. Miscible with water and 

 alcohol. A., Acetic, Glacial, the absolute acid in 

 crystalline form. An escharotic. A., Acetic, Dilute, 

 contains six per cent, of absolute acid. Dose Sj-ij. 

 An impure form obtained by the destructive distilla- 

 tion of wood is known as wood vinegar, or pyrolig- 

 neous acid. A., Acetic, Test. See Tests, Table of. 

 A., Aconitic (C g H 9 6 ), occurs in different plants, as 

 Aconitum napctlus, sugar cane, end beet-roots. It may 

 be obtained by heating citric acid alone or with concen- 

 trated HC1. It crystallizes in small plates, that 

 • Ive readily in alcohol, ether and water, and melt 

 at lS6°-7°. An acid found in aconite. A., Adibasic. 

 ./., Suberic. A., Adipic (< ',.H,„< >,), obtained 

 by oxidizing fats with nitric acid. Crystallizes in 

 shining lcallets, or prisma; soluble in thirteen parts of 

 water; melts at I4S . It is dibasic and diatomie. 

 A., Agaricic (I 1 1 < >), a resin acid obtained 



from the fundus Fohtorm officinalis, growing on 

 The add has been recommended for the 

 checking of night sweats. It also checks the other 

 excretions and diminishes thirst. It is mildly cathartic. 

 Unof. A., Alanthic f< ",-.! !,,,< >.,), Inulic acid, found 

 in Jnu'.i kclenmm. Occam In needle-like crj 

 A., Aldepalmitic (C 1(1 H. U) ( > 2 ), the chid' component of 

 the butter of thi- CO* A., Alginic. See Algin. A., 



Alloxanic (C 4 H 2 N 2 4 ), a crystalline acid, obtained 

 by treating alloxan with alkalies. A., Alpha-oxy- 

 naphthoic (C n H 8 3 ), a fragrant crystalline acid, de- 

 rived from alpha-naphthol. It is strongly antiseptic 

 and deodorant ; useful in wound-dressing ; but appears 

 to be toxic when taken by the stomach. Unof. A., 

 Alphatolinic. See A., Pheny /-acetic. A., Amalic 

 (C 8 (CH 3 ) 4 N 4 7 ), [d/zaAdf, weak], tetramethylalloxan- 

 tin, formed by the action of HNQ 3 , or chlorine water, 

 upon thein, or, better, by the reduction of dimethyl 

 alloxan with H 2 S. Consists of colorless, sparingly 

 soluble crystals, that impart a red color to the skin. 

 A., Amido-acetic. See Glycin. A., Amido- 

 benzoic (C 7 H 7 N0 2 ), occasionally found in the urine. 

 A., Amido-succinamic, same as Asparagin. A., 

 Angelic (C 5 H 8 2 ), a crystalline monobasic acid. 

 Exists free along with valeric and acetic acids in the 

 roots of Angelica archangelica, and as butyl and amyl 

 esters in Roman oil of cumin. Crystallizes in shining 

 prisms, melts at 45 , and boils at 185°. It has a peculiar 

 smell and taste. A., Anisic (C 8 H 8 3 ), obtained by 

 oxidizing anisol and anethol with HN0 3 , and from 

 aniseed by the action of oxidizing substances. Crys- 

 tallizes from hot water in long needles, from alcohol in 

 rhombic prisms; melts at 185°, boils at 280 . It is 

 antiseptic and antirheumatic. A., Anthranilic (C 7 - 

 H 7 N(5 2 ), prepared by oxidizing indigo by boiling it 

 with manganese dioxid and sodium hydroxid. It 

 sublimes in long needles, is readily soluble in hot 

 water and alcohol, and melts at 144°. A., Anthro- 

 pocholic (C 18 H 28 4 ) [avOpunog, man; %o7jj, bile], 

 an acid said to be obtainable from human bile. Its 

 existence is doubtful. A., Anticylic, a white fragrant 

 powder with pleasant acid taste, readily soluble in 

 water, alcohol, and glycerin, used as an antipyretic. 

 Dose gr. T ^ 5 . A., Aposorbic (C 5 H 8 7 ), produced 

 on oxidizing sorbin with HN0 3 . It crystallizes in 

 small leaflets that melt with decomposition at llo°. 

 Easily soluble in water. A., Arabic. See Arabin. 

 A., Arabonic (C 3 H 10 O fi ), tetraoxyvaleric acid, ob- 

 tained by the action of bromin water or HN0 3 upon 

 arabinose. A., Aromatic, a name applied to certain 

 organic acids occurring in the balsams, resins, and 

 other odoriferous principles. Also, in pharmacy, a 

 dilute mineral acid reinforced by aromatic substances 

 in order to modify their flavor. A., Arsenous, and 

 Arsenic. See Arsenic. A., Aspartic (C 4 H 7 N0 4 ), 

 occurs in the vinasse obtained from the beet root, 

 and is procured from albuminous bodies in various 

 reactions. It is prepared by boiling asparagin with 

 alkalies and acids. It crystallizes in rhombic prisms, 

 Or leaflets, and dissolves with difficulty in water. A., 

 Atrolactinic (C 9 H 10 O 3 ), obtained from acetophenone 

 by means of prussic acid and H 2 S0 4 or dilute HC1. 

 Dissolves very readily in water ; crystallizes with one- 

 half H 2 in needles or plates; melts at 91 . A., 

 Atropic (C fl H 8 2 ), results from atropin, tropic acid, 

 and atrolactinic acid when they are heated with con- 

 centrated HC1. Crystallizes from hot water in mono- 

 clinic plates ; is sparingly soluble in cold water, easily 

 in ether and benzene; melts at 106 . A., Auric 

 (Au(()H) 3 ), gold trihydroxid. A.Bath. See Bath. 

 A., Behenolic (C.,J I„,( ).,). derived from the 

 bromids of erucic and brassidic acids. Melts at 

 57. 5°. A., Benzoic (C.II 6 () 2 ), occurs free in some 

 resins, chiefly in gum benzoin, and in coal tar. It crystal- 

 lizes in white, shining needles, or leaflets, melts at 120 , 

 and distils at 250 . It volatilizes readily, and its vapor 

 possesses a peculiar odor that produces coughing. 

 A., Boric. See Boron. A., Brassidic (C.,,i i,,< >,,), 

 isomeric with erucic acid; produced by the action of 

 nitric acid on erucic acid ; melts at 56°. A., Brenz 



