ACID 



29 



ACID 



catechin sulphuric (C 6 H 4 (HO) 2 .O.S0 2 ), has been 

 found in human urine, mainly after the ingestion of 

 salicin, hydroquinon, etc. A., Butyric (C 4 L 

 \butyrum, butter], an acid having a viscid appearance 

 and rancid smell. It is obtained commercially by the 

 fermentation of a mixture of sugar and butter or cheese 

 in the presence of an alkaline carbonate, but occurs in 

 various plants, in cod-liver oil, in the juice of meats, and 

 in the perspiration. Combined with glycerin as glyceryl 

 butyrate, it is essentially butter. The ether derived from 

 butyric acid is the natural flavor of the pineapple. A., 

 Caffeic (C 9 H 8 4 ), obtained when the tannin of coffee 

 is boiled with potassium hydroxid ; crystallizes in yel- 

 low prisms, and is very readily soluble in hot water 

 and alcohol. A., Campholic (C 10 H 18 O.,), produced 

 on distilling camphor over heated soda-lime, or with 

 alcoholic potash ; it melts at 95 , and is a white, vola- 

 tile solid, insoluble in cold water. A., Camphoric 

 (C 10 H 16 O 4 ), a dibasic acid, obtained by boiling camphor 

 with HX0 3 ; crystallizes from hot water in colorless 

 leaflets; melts at 178 , and decomposes into water 

 and its anhydrid, C 8 H u (CO),0. Used in night- 

 sweats of phthisis. Dose gr. x-xxx. A., Cam- 

 phoronic 1 C 9 H,.,0 5 — H 2 0), produced by the further 

 oxidation of camphoric acid ; it occurs in the mother 

 liquor. Loses its water of crystallization at IOO-120 

 and melts at 135 . It forms colorless microscopic 

 •needles that are volatile arid readily soluble in water. 

 A., Capric (C 9 H 19 CO. OH), occurs in small quanti: 

 a glycerid in cow's butter. Crystallizes in fine needles, 

 melting at 30 C. , very insoluble in boiling water. 

 A., Caproic (C 6 H 12 2 ), the sixth in the series of 

 fatty acids ; a clear, mobile oil, colorless, inflammable, 

 and with a very acid and penetrating taste. Prepared 

 from butter, cocoanut oil, and various other sources. 

 A., Caprylic 1 C.H I3 CO.OH), an acid combined 

 with glycerin, forming a glycerid existing in various 

 animal fats ; liquid at ordinary temperatures. A., 

 Carbamic (H,X.CO.OH), an acid not known in the 

 free state ; its ammonium salt is contained in com- 

 mercial ammonium carbonate. The esters of carbamic 

 acid are called urethanes. A., Carbazotic. See A., 

 Picric. A., Carbolic (C 6 H 5 OH), Phenol— the correct 

 designation of this substance — is procured from coal 

 tar by fractional distillation. It has a very peculiar and 

 characteristic odor, a burning taste, is poisonous, and 

 has preservative properties. The sp. gr. at o° is 

 1 .0S4 ; it crystallizes in colorless rhombic needles that 

 melt at 42. 2°, boiling at 180 , and it is not decomposed 

 upon distillation. At ordinary temperatures it dissolves 

 in water with difficulty (l : 15), but is soluble in 

 alcohol, ether, glacial acetic acid, and glycerin in all 

 proportions. Upon exposure to light and air it deli- 

 quesces and acquires a pinkish color. It is used in the 

 manufacture of many of the artificial coloring matters, 

 picric acid, used as a yellow dye. Large quan- 

 tities of various qualities of carbolic acid are consumed 

 for antiseptic purposes. It is a powerful antiseptic and 

 germicide, and a violent poison. Internally it is used in 

 vomiting and intestinal fermentation. Dose gr. %-]. 

 A., Carb., Aqua, contains 10 drachms of the glycerit to 

 1 pint of water. Dose 31-555. A., Carb., Garga- 

 risma grs. ij-^j, for fetid'sore throat. A., Carb., 

 Glycerit, contains acid I , glycerin 4 parts. A., Carb., 

 Liquefactum, (B. P.). Dose TtiJ-ij. A., Carb., 

 Solutions, vary from 1 to 5 per cent, in water. A., 

 Carb., Suppos. cum Sapone <B. P.), each contain- 

 ing gr. j of carbolic acid. A., Carb., Unguent, con- 

 tains acid 10, ointment 90 parts. A., Carbol., Injectio 

 Hypoderm., 2-5 per cent. , for anthrax, and erysipelas. 

 A., Carbonic (C0 2 ), carbon dioxid; a product of 

 combustion ; a colorless, transparent, odorless gas, 



heavier than air ; incapable of sustaining respiration. 

 It is eliminated by the lungs, and when retained in 

 the system gives rise to cyanosis. A-, Carminic 

 (C 17 H 18 O 10 ), coloring matter found in the buds of cer- 

 tain plants, and especially in cochineal, an insect 

 inhabiting different varieties of cactus. It is an 

 amorphous purple-red mass, very readily soluble in 

 water and alcohol. Yields red salts with the alkalies. 

 A., Cathartinic, an active principle from several 

 species of Cassia. It occurs in brown hygroscopic 

 scales. Used as a laxative in doses of gr. iv— vj. 

 A., Cerebrinic 1 C 59 H m X0 3 ), an acid found in the 

 brain and belonging to the group called cerebrinacides. 

 A., Cerotic (C^H^CU) [n/iporoq, waxy], a fatty acid, 

 existing in the free state in beeswax, and combined 

 with ceryl as an ether in Chinese wax. It crystallizes 

 from alcohol in delicate needles, melting at 78 . A., 

 Chelidonic (C 7 H 4 6 ), occurs together with malic 

 acid in Chelidonium majus. Crystallizes in silky 

 needles with one molecule of water, and melts at 220 . 

 A., Chloracetic [cklorin and acetic'], an acid, called 

 also Alonochloracetic acid, produced by the substitution 

 of chlorin for the hydrogen of the radicle in acetic 

 acid. It is sometimes used as a caustic. A., Chloric 

 (HCIO3), an ac 'd known only in its compounds and 

 its aqueous solution. Some of its compounds, the 

 chlorates, are of great service in medicine. A., Cho- 

 lalic. See A., Cholic. A., Cholic (C 24 H tt 5 ), 

 Cholalic Acid, from glycocholic and taurocholic acids ; 

 crystallizes from hot water in small anhydrous prisms, 

 sparingly soluble in water, and melting at 195 . A., 

 Choloidinic, derived from Cholalic Acid, and proba- 

 bly a mixture of this with dyslysin ; all three decomposi- 

 tion products of bile acids. A., Chromic, strictly 

 the compound H 2 Cr0 4 ; chromium trioxid combined 

 with water; it forms salts called chromates. In 

 most books the chromium trioxid, CrO s , is called by 

 this name. It is a crystalline solid, and is a useful 

 escharotic for the destruction of syphilitic warts and 

 similar growths. A solution of 1 : 40 is used as an 

 antiseptic wash for putrid sores and wounds. A., 

 Chrysanisic (C 7 H 5 X 3 6 ), an acid forming golden- 

 yellow crystals, used in the preparation of certain 

 anilin dyes. It melts at 259 and sublimes. A., 

 Chrysenic (C 1T H 12 3 ), produced when chrysene is 

 fused with caustic alkali. Forms silver-white leaflets 

 and melts at 186 . A., Chrysophanic (C 15 H 10 O 4 ), 

 Rheinic Acid, exists in the lichen, Parmelia parictina, 

 in senna leaves, and in the rhubarb root. Crystallizes 

 in golden yellow needles or prisms, melting at 162 . 

 SeeChrvscirotrin. A.,Cinchoninic *C 9 H,.X (C0 2 H)), 

 produced by oxidizing cinchonin with potassium per- 

 manganate, or HXO3. Crystallizes in needles, con- 

 taining 2H 2 0, in thick prisms, or plates, with 21^0 ; 

 melts at 254 . A., Cinnamic (C 9 H 8 6 2 ), occurs in 

 Peru and Tolu balsams, in storax, and in some benzoin 

 resins. Crystallizes from hot water in fine needles, 

 from alcohol in thick prisms ; is odorless, melts at 133 ; 

 soluble in hot water and in alcohol. It has been 

 used in tuberculosis, both internally and externally. 

 Dose n\j-x,hj'podermatically. A., Citric (C 6 H 8 T ), 

 occurs free in lemons, black currants, bilberry, beets, 

 and in various acid fruits. It crystallizes with one 

 molecule of water in large rhombic prisms, which melt 

 at ioo°, are colorless, inodorous, and extremely sharp 

 in taste. *It is used as a discharge in calico-printing. 

 It is refrigerant, antiseptic, and diuretic. A., Comanic 

 (C 6 H 4 4 ) , obtained from chelidonic acid by the loss of 

 carbon dioxid. It dissolves with difficulty in water ; 

 melts at 250 . A., Comenic (C 6 H 4 3 ), is produced by 

 heating meconic acid to 120-200 . It is rather inso- 

 luble in water and crystallizes in hard, warty masses. 



