ACID 



30 



ACID 



A., Coumalic (C 6 H 4 4 ), identical with comanic 

 acid. Produced when malic acid is heated together 

 with concentrated H 2 S0 4 ; dissolves with difficulty in 

 cold water and melts with decomposition at 206 . A., 

 Coumaric (C 9 H 8 3 ), an acid derived from coumarin 

 and intimately related to salicylic acid, being converted 

 into the latter by fusion with potassium hydrate. A., 

 Coumarilic (C 9 H 6 3 ), a monobasic acid obtained 

 from coumarin dibromid ; crystallizes from hot water 

 in delicate needles, melting at 190 ; moderately solu- 

 ble in water and extremely soluble in alcohol. A., 

 Crenic \K.oip>n, a spring], an acid found in certain 

 spring waters and also in vegetable mould and in 

 ochreous deposits. A., Cresolsulphuric (C 7 H.O.S- 

 2 .0H), exists in the urine in small traces; also found 

 in the urine of herbivorous animals. A., Cresylic. 

 See Cresol. A., Croconic (C 5 H 2 5 ), is produced 

 by the alkaline oxidation of most of the hexa- 

 substituted benzene-derivatives ; crystallizes in sul- 

 phur-yellow leaflets, readily soluble in water and 

 alcohol; has an acid taste and reaction. A., 

 Cumic (C 10 H 12 O 2 ), is produced by the oxidation of 

 cuminic alcohol with dilute HN0 3 . Very soluble in 

 water and alcohol, crystallizes in colorless needles or 

 leaflets, melts at ir6°, and boils at about 290 . A., 

 Cyanic (CONH), obtained by heating polymeric 

 cyanuric acid. It is a mobile, volatile liquid, only 

 stable below o° ; reacts strongly acid ; has an odor like 

 that of glacial acetic acid ; vesicates the skin ; dissolves 

 in alcohols. A., Cyanuric. See A., Tricyanic. 

 A., Damalic (C 12 H 22 2 ), [Safialic, heifer], has been 

 obtained from the urine of cows and horses, and from 

 human urine. A., Damaluric (C 7 H 12 2 j [Sa/xaAic, 

 heifer; ovpov, urine], an oily compound, derivable 

 from the urine of cattle and of mankind. A., Desox- 

 alic (QHgOg), is seen in large, shining crystals, that 

 melt at 85 . A., Diacetic (C 4 H 6 3 ), an acid present 

 in the urine in some diseased conditions, e. g., aceton- 

 uria. With a solution of ferric chorid it gives a Bur- 

 gundy-red color. A., Durylic (C ]0 H 12 O 2 ), obtained 

 by the oxidation of durene ; crystallizes in hard prisms 

 and melts at 115°. A., Elaidic (C 18 H 34 2 ), a fatty acid, 

 produced by the action of nitrous acid on oleic acid. 

 Isomeric with the latter. Consists of brilliant leaflets, 

 melting at 44-45 . A., Ellagic (C 14 H 8 9 ), occurs 

 in the bezoar stones (an intestinal calculus of the 

 Persian goat). Occurs in the form of a powder con- 

 taining I molecule of water of crystallization. Insoluble 

 in water; light pale yellow in color; tasteless. A., 

 Enanthylic, or CEnanthylic [oivadr], wine flower, 

 a plant (divoc, wine; avdog, flower); vTitj, principle], 

 a complex ether formed by the action of nitric acid on 

 fatty substances, especially castor oil. A., Erucic 

 (C^H^Oj), present as glycerid in rape-seed oil and 

 in the fatty oil of mustard. Prepared by saponifying 

 rape-seed oil with lead oxid. Crystallizes from alcohol 

 in long needles that melt at 33-34 . A., Euchroic 

 n amid of mellitic acid, produced by 

 dry distillation of the ammonium salt. It crystallizes in 

 large prison and la sparingly soluble in water. A., 

 Eugenic. See Eugtnol, A., Euxanthinic (< 19 H I8 - 

 (),,), PorrisU Acid, occurs as a magnesium salt in 

 so-called pnrrh\ I yellow coloring matter from India 

 and < hina. ( r\stalli/es from alcohol in yellow prisms 

 with H,0. A., Everninic (< ',,1 1 ,„( > 4 ), produced on 

 boiling evernic acid (C 17 H 1() 7 ) (from Sverttia 

 priiitastri, a lichen formerly much used in dyeing and 

 for making a hair powder), with baryta. It melts at 

 157 . A., Ferulic M',,,11,,,' >,), corresponds to vanillin. 

 It is found in ■ttfctun., h which it may be obtained 



by precipitation with lead acetate. It is very soluble 

 in hot water, crystallizes in shining needles or pi 



and melts at 169 . A., Filicic, the main ingredient 

 of Male Fern. It is a white crystalline powder 

 with slight taste and odor, insoluble in water. A., 

 Fluoric (HF), gaseous and soluble in water, a strong 

 escharotic. The dilute acid, 1 : 200, is used as an 

 internal remedy in goiter. Dose TTixx-xxx. A., 

 Formic (CH 2 2 ), an acid obtained from a fluid 

 emitted by ants when irritated ; also found in stinging 

 nettles, in shoots of the pine, and in various animal 

 secretions. Prepared by heating oxalic acid and gly- 

 cerin. It is a colorless, mobile fluid, with a pungent 

 odor, and vesicates the skin if dropped upon it. It 

 boils at 99 and at o° has a sp. gr. of 1.223. A., 

 Galactonic. See A., Lactonic. A., Gallic (C 7 H 6 - 

 5 ), occurs free in gall nuts, in tea, in the fruit of 

 Cczsalpinia coriaria, mangoes, and various other plants. 

 Obtained from ordinary tannic acid by boiling it with 

 dilute acids. Crystallizes in fine, silky needles, con- 

 taining one molecule of water. Dissolves slowly in 

 water and readily in alcohol and ether ; has a faintly 

 acid, astringent taste ; melts near 220 . Astringent 

 and disinfectant ; useful in night sweats, diabetes, and 

 chronic diarrhea. A., Gallic, Unguent, benzoated 

 lard 90, gallic acid 10. A., PyrqgalHc (unofficial), 

 obtained from gallic acid by heating the latter. Recom- 

 mended locally in phagedenic chancres as an antisep- 

 tic and disinfectant in 1—2^ per cent, solutions. Dose, 

 internally, gr. j-ij. A., Gluconic (C 6 H 12 7 ), is 

 formed by the oxidation of dextrose, cane sugar, 

 dextrin, starch, and maltose with chlorin or bromin 

 water. Most readily obtained from glucose. It is 

 dextro-rotatory, but does not reduce Fehling's solution. 

 It melts at 200 . A., Glutaric (C 5 H 8 4 ), normal 

 pyrotartaric acid. Crystallizes in large monoclinic 

 plates, melts at 97 , and distils at 303 , at 14 soluble 

 in 1.2 part of water. A., Glycocholic (C 26 H 43 N0 6 ), 

 a monobasic acid found in bile ; sparingly soluble in 

 water ; crystallizes in minute needles, melting at 133°. 

 A., Gly collie (C 2 H 4 3 ), Oxyacetic Acid, produced 

 by the action of nascent hydrogen upon oxalic acid. 

 It is a thick syrup that gradually crystallizes on stand- 

 ing over sulphuric acid ; the crystals melt at 8o° and 

 deliquesce in the air. It dissolves easily in water, in 

 alcohol, and in ether. A., Glycoluric (C 3 H 6 N 2 3 ), 

 Hydantolc Acid, prepared by heating urea with glycocoll 

 to 120 . It is a monobasic acid; very soluble in hot 

 water and in alcohol. Crystallizes in large, rhombic 

 prisms. A.,. Glycuronic (C 6 H 10 O 7 ), obtained by 

 decomposing euxanthic acid on boiling with dilute 

 H 2 S0 4 . It is a syrup that decomposes readily into the 

 lactone, C 6 H 8 6 , on warming. It is levo-rotatory. 

 This acid has been found in urine ; it probably does 

 not exist in normal urine ; but it appears after 

 taking certain drugs, as benzol, indol, nitro-benzol, 

 and the quinin derivatives. A., Glyoxylic (C,H,0 8 ), 

 obtained by oxidizing glycol, alcohol, and aldehyd. 

 It is a thick liquid, readily soluble in water. Crystal- 

 lizes in rhombic prisms by long standing over sulphuric 

 acid. A., Guanido-Acetic. See Glyio.yaniiii. 

 A., Gynocardic (C, 4 H 24 2 ), derived from the seeds 

 of the Gynocardia odor at a. It occurs as a yellowish 

 oily substance melting at 30 C. (86° F.), with a dis- 

 tinct odor and acid taste. Used as an antisyphilitic 

 and antirheumatic. Dose gr. x />-\\)- Used externally 

 as a liniment (1 to 10 or 20). A., Haloids 

 (as' -id luil'-oidz), derivatives that arise in the 

 replacement of the hydroxyl of acids by halogens. 

 They an liquids of sharp odor, fuming in the air 

 and undergoing transformation into acids and halo- 

 gen hydride. They are heavier than water. They 

 decompose at ordinary temperatures, forming adds. 

 A., Hemipinic (<'n,i I 10 O 6 ), formed by oxidizing 



