ACID 



31 



ACID 



narcotin with dilute HXO s . Melts at 182 . A., 

 Hesperetinic (C, H 10 O 4 ), obtained from the gluco- 

 side hesperidin. Melts at 228 . A., Hippuric (C^Hg- 

 [_'i~~oc, horse; ovpov, urine], Benzoyl Glycocoll, 

 occurs in considerable amount in the urine of herbi- 

 vorous animals, sometimes in that of man. Crystallizes 

 in rhombic prisms, and dissolves readily in hot water 

 and alcohol. It melts at 187 . Its salts (hippurates 

 of lime, lithium, and sodium) are regarded as good 

 solvents of the urates, and are recommended in gout, 

 rheumatism, and calculous diseases. Dose grs. iv— 

 xvj. Unof. A., Hircic, a peculiar-smelling acid 

 contained in goat's milk. A., Homogentisic, an 

 acid separated by Baumann from highly- colored urine, 

 believed to be formed by the action of bacteria on 

 the tyrosin normally found in pancreatic digestion. 

 A., Homophthalic (CgH 8 4 ), obtained by fusing 

 gamboge with caustic potash. Crystallizes from 

 hot water in stout prisms, melting at 175 . A., 

 Hydantoic. See A., Glycoluric. A., Hydriodic 

 (HI), Acidum Hydriodicum ; a gaseous acid. Its 

 solution and a syrup prepared from it are used as alter- 

 atives, with the general effects of iodin. Unof. A., 

 Hydrobromic (HBr) ; the dilute acid, which is the 

 chief form used, consists of 10 per cent, acid and 90 

 per cent, water. A good solvent for quinin. Useful 

 in hysteria, congestive headaches, and neuralgia. Is 

 recommended as a substitute for potassium and sodium 

 bromids. Dose rt\_xx-^ij. A., Hydrocaffeic (C,- 

 H ]0 O 4 ) , obtained from caffeic acid by the action of 

 sodium amalgam. A., Hydrochloric, Muriatic Acid 

 (HC1), a liquid consisting of 31.9 per cent, of HC1 gas 

 in 68. 1 per cent, of water. Colorless, pungent, and in- 

 tensely acid. Valuable as an aid to digestion. A., 

 Hydrochloric, Dilute, a ten per cent, solution of ab- 

 solute acid in water. Dose n\iij-x. A., Hydrocin- 

 namic (C 6 H 5 .(CH 2 ),CO,H), Phenyl-propionic Acid, 

 obtained by the action of sodium amalgam upon 

 cinnamic acid. Very soluble in hot water and alcohol ; 

 crystallizes in needles, melts at 47 , and distils at 280 . 

 A., Hydrocyanic, Dilute (HCNi, Prussic Acid, a 

 liquid consisting of two per cent, of the acid with 98 

 per cent, of water and alcohol. Generally prepared 

 by the action of H 2 SO t on potassium ferrocyanid. 

 It is a mobile liquid, of a sp. gr. of .697 at 1 8° ; 

 becomes crystalline at — 15 ; boils at -(-26.5°; pos- 

 sesses an odor like that of bitter almonds ; is extremely 

 poisonous ; a feeble acid. Prussic acid is found in the 

 bitter almond, the leaves of the peach, and in the 

 cherry laurel, from the leaves of which it is distilled. 

 It is the most violent poison known, death from com- 

 plete asphyxia being almost instantaneous. Valuable 

 for its sedative and antispasmodic effects in vomiting, 

 whooping-cough, and spasmodic affections. Dose 

 "U-v. The following preparations are employed: 

 Aqua Laurocerasi ', water distilled from the leaves of 

 the cherry laurel. Dose n\v-xxx, with caution. 

 Scheele's Dilute Hydrocyanic Acid, is a 4 or 5 per cent, 

 solution ; dangerous. Amygdala Amara, oil of bitter 

 almond ; used in cosmetics. A., Hydrocyanic. Vapor, 

 rr^x-xv of dilute acid in 3J of water, warmed and 

 the vapor inhaled to relieve irritable coughs. A., 

 Hydrofluoric (HF), an aqueous solution of hydro- 

 fluoric gas, administered in dilute form as an inhalation 

 in phthisis and goiter. See Fluorin. A., Hydro - 

 sulphuric (H 2 S), an acid which, both in its pure and 

 gaseous form and in its watery solution, is much used 

 as a chemical reagent. The gas has been employed 

 by inhalation and by rectal injection in cases of tuber- 

 culosis. (See Bergerons Method.) Called also Hydro- 

 gen Sul/id and Sulfydric Acui. A., Hydrurilic 

 (mWW , obtained by decomposing the copper salt 



with HC1. Occurs in little prisms. A., Hyperosmic. 

 See A. , Osmic. A., Hypochlorous (HCIO), an 

 unstable compound, important as a disinfecting and 

 bleaching agent. Some of its salts, the hypochlorites, 

 have a limited use in medicine. A., Hypophos- 

 phorous (H 3 POj), its salts (hypophosphites), also the 

 dilute acid, and a syrup prepared with it, are used as 

 remedial agents. (See Calcii Hypophosphis, Ferri 

 Hypophosphis, Sodii Hypophosphis, Potassii Hypophos- 

 phis). A., Igasuric, an acid occurring in St. Igna- 

 tius Bean and certain other plants containing strychnia. 

 It occurs in small, hard crystals with an acid, astrin- 

 gent taste. A., Indoxylic (CjH.NOj), produced 

 from its ethyl ester by fusion with caustic soda at 

 1S0 . Appears as a white crystalline mass, melting 

 at 123 . A., Iodic (HIO3), a monobasic acid. Its 

 solution (two per cent.) has been recommended as 

 an alterative subcutaneous injection. A., Isopropyl 

 Succinic. See A. Pimelic. A., Isosaccharic (C 6 - 

 H ]0 O 8 ), an acid very soluble in water and alcohol, 

 forming rhombic crystals, and melting at 185 . Its 

 solution is dextro-rotatory. A., Kephalo-phosphoric, 

 a brain-acid differing "from ordinary phosphoric acid 

 in that three molecules of its hydroxyl are replaced 

 by one molecule each of kepalyl, stearyl, and gly- 

 ceryl. A., Lactic (HCjH 5 3 ), a liquid containing 

 75 per cent, of absolute acid in 25 per cent, of 

 water. Produced in the fermentation of milk. Gen- 

 erally found impure from subsequent fermentation, 

 except when freshly made. Useful in aiding digestion, 

 in diabetes, and as a solvent of false membrane in 

 diphtheria. Dose 355-3 ss. A., Lactic, Z>/7., (B. P.). 

 Dose 3"s5-ij. A., Lactonic (C 6 H,,0 7 ), Galactonic 

 Acid, produced from milk-sugar, galactose, and gum 

 arabic by the action of bromin water. It crystallizes, 

 on standing over H 2 S0 4 , in small needles. A., Leu- 

 conic (C 5 3 -)- 4H^O) , an acid produced by oxidiz- 

 ing croconic acid with HN0 3 or chlorin. Very 

 soluble in water; occurs in small, colorless needles. 

 A., Levulinic(C 5 H 8 3 ), obtained from levulose, cellu- 

 lose, cane-sugar, etc. Isomeric with methyl aceto- 

 acetic acid; dissolves readily in water, alcohol, and 

 ether; crystallizes in scales that melt at 33.5 ; boils 

 with slight decomposition at 239 . A., Linoleic 

 (CjgHjgOj), occurs as glycerid in drying oils, such as 

 linseed oil, hemp oil, poppy oil, and nut oil. Pre- 

 pared by saponifying linseed oil with potash. It 

 is a yellowish oil that has a sp. gr. of 0.921. A., 

 Maizenic, an acid derived from the stigmata (silk) 

 of Indian com ; said to be a good diuretic. Unof. 

 A. , Malic (C 4 H 6 5 ) , a bibasic acid, occurring free or in 

 the form of salts in many plant juices, in unripe apples, 

 in grapes, and in mountain-ash berries. It forms de- 

 liquescent crystals, that dissolve readily in alcohol, 

 slightly in ether, and melt at ioo° ; it has a pleasant 

 acid taste. A., Malonic (CjHjO.,), occurs in the 

 deposit found in the vacuum pans employed in the beet- 

 sugar manufacture ; obtained by the oxidation of malic 

 acid with chromic acid ; crystallizes in large tables 

 or laminae ; easily soluble in water, alcohol, and 

 ether ; melts at 132 ; at higher temperatures it decom- 

 poses into acetic acid and carbon dioxid. A., Man- 

 delic (C 6 H 5 .CH(OH).CO,H), is formed from ben- 

 zaldehyd by the action of prussic acid and HC1. 

 Obtained naturally from amygdalin ; is levo-rotatory, 

 and forms brilliant crystals, melting at 132.8 . A., 

 Mannitic (C 6 H 12 7 ), obtained by the action of plati- 

 num black upon aqueous mannitol. It is a very solu- 

 ble, gummy mass, and reduces Fehling's solution. A. f 

 Mannonic (C 6 H 12 7 ), produced by oxidizing man- 

 nose with bromin water. A., Meconic (C1H 4 7 ), 

 a tribasic acid, occurring in opium in union with mop 



